Catherine Bromley* and Sarah Cunningham-Burley ^
*Scottish Centre for Social Research
^Centre for Research on Families and Relationships, University of Edinburgh
Prepared for The Scottish Government: Children, Young People and Social Care Directorate by the Scottish Centre for Social Research
ISBN 978 0 7559 8303 7 (Web only publication)
This document is also available in pdf format (2.3mb) This report is one of four report & accompanied with research findings, 2/2010,
(GUS) The circumstances of persistently poor children, research findings 1/2010,
(GUS) Maternal mental health & its impact on child behaviour & development, research findings 3/2010,
(GUS) children's social, emotional & behavioural charactoristics at entry to primary school, research findings 4/2010.
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Context
1.2 What is health inequality?
1.3 Measures of health inequality
1.4 The significance of health inequality in the early years
1.5 What this analysis adds
2 MEASURING HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN GUS
2.1 Measures used in this report
2.1.1 Health outcomes and risk factors
2.1.2 Inequality measures
3 THE EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN THE EARLY YEARS
3.1 Key findings about health inequalities in the first four years
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Pregnancy, birth and the first three months
3.3.1 Risk factors and health outcomes in the early years
3.3.2 Inequalities in the early stages
3.4 Health measures in the first four years of life
3.5 Overview of health outcomes
3.5.1 Physical health
3.5.2 Problems reported by parents
3.5.3 Psychosocial health
3.5.4 Body mass index
3.6 Inequalities in health outcomes
3.6.1 Area deprivation
3.6.2 Household income
3.6.3 Socio-economic classification ( NS- SEC)
3.6.4 Conclusion
3.7 Exposure to risk factors likely to have an adverse impact on health
3.8 Inequalities in exposure to risk factors for poor health outcomes
3.8.1 Area deprivation
3.8.2 Houshold income
3.8.3 Socio-economic classification ( NS- SEC)
3.8.4 Conclusion
3.9 Summary measure of negative outcomes
4 AVOIDING NEGATIVE OUTCOMES
4.1 Key findings about the avoidance of negative health outcomes
4.2 Introduction
4.3 What is resilience?
4.4 The definition of resilience in this report
4.5 Potential measures of resilience
4.5.1 Maternal factors
4.5.2 Home and family resilience measures
4.5.3 Neighbourhood resilience measures
4.5.4 Social support networks
4.6 What factors appear to protect disadvantaged children from negative outcomes?
4.6.1 Analysis method
4.6.2 Regression results
5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX