Jacklyn Jones, Lecturer ( QMU)
Dr Maresa Duffy, Research Fellow ( COPA, QMU)
Yvonne Coull, Co-Director ( COPA, QMU)
Dr Heather Wilkinson, Co-Director ( COPA, QMU)
ISBN 978 0 7559 7756 7 (Web only publication)
ISSN 0950 2254
This document is also available in pdf format (580k)
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF TABLES
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
Summary
Aims of the literature review
Search criteria/review strategy
Background and context
Structure of review
2 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AGEING
Summary
Weight changes and BMI in older people
Weight gain
Weight loss
Discussion
Body composition and functional status as a result of ageing
Changes in taste and smell
Oral health
Key findings
3 NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF OLDER PEOPLE
Summary
Energy
Fat
Protein
Vitamin D
Fibre (Non-starch polysaccharide ( NSP))
Fluid
Key findings
4 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF MALNUTRITION IN OLDER PEOPLE
Summary
Undernutrition
Overnutrition
Identifying malnutrition
Key findings
5 BARRIERS TO OLDER PEOPLE MEETING THEIR NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Summary
Socio-economic factors (social and financial issues)
Geographical differences across Scotland
Social and physical factors
Mental health problems
Depression
Cognition
Dementia
Other health problems
Impact of medications
Food safety
Key findings
6 EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT CURRENT PRACTICES AND INTERVENTIONS
Summary
Protein - energy deficiency
Increasing nutritional intake through diet alone
Increasing nutritional intake through dietary advice alone compared to dietary advice and supplements
Increasing nutritional intake through the use of supplements
Other macronutrient sources
Discussion
Micronutrients (i.e. vitamins and minerals)
Ability to perform activities of daily living in relation micronutrient status
Thought processes in relation to micronutrient status
Vitamin D
Other nutrients - Fibre (Non-starch polysaccharide ( NSP))
Key findings
7 EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY INITIATIVES
Summary
Current policies
Provision of food services
Examples of initiatives within Scotland
Recipe for life
Community health exchange ( CHEX)
Community food and health (Scotland)
Examples of initiatives outwith Scotland
Escorted shopping service - Age Concern Norwich
Barton lunch club - Age Concern Oxon, Oxfordshire
Net neighbours - Internet shopping service, Age Concern, York
Conclusion
Key findings
8 CONCLUSION
Aims of the review
Nutritional needs of older people
Barriers to older people meeting their nutritional requirements
Nutritional interventions for older people
Further research
Recommendations
REFERENCES
ANNEXES
Annex 1: Project Contacts
Annex 2: Summary of literature
The views expressed in this report are those of the researcher and
do not necessarily represent those of the Department or Scottish Ministers.