The Scottish Government

Next »

Listen

Dr James Laird
Professor Peter Mackie
Institute for Transport Studies,
University of Leeds

ISBN 978 0 7559 7701 7 (Web only publication)

This document is also available in pdf format (828k)

CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Scheduling costs, welfare benefits and induced traffic
Option and non-use values
Value of induced traffic
Rural wider economic benefits
Conclusions

1 INTRODUCTION
Scope
Consultation
Report structure

2 SCHEDULING COSTS: WELFARE BENEFITS AND INDUCED TRAFFIC
Concept
Evidence
Indirect evidence - level of induced traffic
Direct evidence - marginal value of scheduling costs
Relevance of scheduling costs to transport appraisal
Using the research evidence base
Case study 1 - berneray causeway and sound of harris ferry
Case study 2 - air services in the highlands and islands
Recommendations for stag

3 OPTION AND NON-USE VALUES
Concept
The option value and risk premium
The non-use value
Evidence
The relevance of option and non-use values to transport appraisal
Using the research evidence base
Case studies 3 to 7 (Beauly station, Conon Bridge station, invernet 1, Airdrie-Bathgate, anonymised rail closure example)
Recommendations for stag

4 THE VALUE OF INDUCED TRAFFIC
Concept, evidence and relevance to transport appraisal
Recommendations for stag

5 WIDER ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Concepts and evidence
Agglomeration (WB1)
Imperfect competition (WB3)
Pro-competitive effects (WB2)
Labour supply effects (WB4)
Employment and GDP impacts
Relevance to transport appraisal
Using the research evidence base
Case study 1 (contd) - berneray causeway and sound of harris ferry
Case study 8 - a82 tarbet to fort william
Recommendations for STAG

6 CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5

Appendix A - Contact list

Table of Tables

Table 2.1: Travel behaviour response to change in transport quality and traffic categories
Table 2.2: Literature survey: value of changes in frequency, headway and operating hours
Table 2.3 Berneray causeway and Sound of Harris ferry: benefits by market segment, Year 2000 (£ 1996 resource prices)
Table 2.4: Enhanced air services: economic appraisal summary (£million, 30 year discounted values, 2002 prices and values)
Table 2.5: Applicability of scheduling costs by area type and mode
Table 3.1: Motives for willingness-to-pay for the provision of transport services
Table 3.2: Literature survey: option and non-use values (average values converted to yearly willingness to pay values)
Table 3.3: Size of option and non-use values relative to user benefits and the present value of benefits
Table 3.4: Applicability of option and non-use values by area type and mode
Table 5.1: Regional comparisons of petrol prices, margins and volumes
Table 5.2: Gross Cost per Gross Job (£)
Table 5.3: Welfare benefits of employment creation in the Western Isles (£1996 prices and 2000 values)
Table 5.4 Benefits of the Berneray causeway and Sound of Harris ferry service enhancement in first full operating year (2000)
Table 5.5: Welfare benefits of employment created by the A82 Tarbet to Fort William (£2002 prices and values)
Table 5.6 A82 Tarbet to Fort William economic appraisal summary (£ million, 60 year present values, 2002 prices and values)
Table 5.7: Applicability of wider economic impacts by area type and mode (all modes)

Table of Figures

Figure 1.1: Scottish Government 8-Fold Urban Rural Classification
Figure 2.1: Berneray Causeway and Sound of Harris ferry: Do Minimum and Do Something
Figure 3.1: Published option and non-use value studies converted to a common base (£p.a. 2002 prices and values)
Figure 4.1: The change in consumer surplus
Figure 5.1: Welfare impact of a commuting cost reduction under monopsonistic competition (with no labour tax)

The views expressed in this report are those of the researcher and
do not necessarily represent those of the Department or Scottish Ministers.

Next »