Ref | Option |
|---|
- | Building Regulations Scotland 2007 |
- | Energy Performance of Buildings Directive |
- | Energy Efficiency Commitment ( EEC) |
- | Carbon Emission Reduction Commitment ( CERT) |
- | Supplier Obligation |
- | Scottish Housing Quality Standard |
- | Warm Deal and Central Heating Programme |
- | Reduced VAT on energy saving materials |
- | Landlord's Energy Saving Allowance ( LESA) |
- | Home Energy Conservation Act ( HECA) |
- | Market Transformation Programme |
- | Scottish Communities and Householder Renewables Initiative ( SCHRI) |
- | Sustainable Energy Networks (ex EEACs) |
- | Climate Challenge Fund |
- | Climate Change Schools Initiative |
- | Smart Metering |
- | Energy Performance Certificates |
Note: these measures are all included in the baseline and so their emissions savings and associated costs do not appear in the analysis for this report.
1. Definition of option, state of deployment
2. Data for 2030
3. Data for 2050
4. Factors influencing deployment, potential, etc.
Ref | Option | Technical measure | State of deployment |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps | Future new policy |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps; solar water heating | Future new policy |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps; biomass boiler | Future new policy |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps; biomass boiler; solar water heating | Future new policy |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | Full replacement of conventional lamps with CFLs by 2030 and LEDs by 2050 | VA now in place on conventional lights but not included in baseline |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | 50% of all solid walls insulated; all loft insulation up to 270mm; double glazing; some floor insulation (2030) + extra insulation options in 2050 | Future new policy; planned Supplier Obligation post 2011 will include some SWI |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | Ground source heat pumps introduced to all possible homes (equivalent to 25m in UK by 2050) | Future new policy |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | PV introduced to half of housing excluding flats | Future new policy (also assumes PV costs fall significantly by 2050) |
D9 | Biomass boilers | Biomass boilers installed in equivalent of 5m UK homes (pro-rata for Scotland) | Future new policy |
D10 | Solar water heating | 80% of suitable homes have solar water heating | Future new policy (or major extension of SCHRI) |
D11 | Micro wind | 1-5kW wind turbines | Future new policy |
D12 | Micro CHP | Fuel cell or Stirling Engine CHP in homes over 100m2 | Future new policy |
Ref | Option | Core data - 2030 |
|---|
Potential | +/- | Key assumptions | Sub-sector | £/t CO 2eq | +/- | Source / Key assumptions |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 2% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £367 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 2% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £573 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 4% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £583 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 6% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £830 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | 1% | 20% | Conventional lighting fully replaced with CFLs | Existing housing - lighting | £82 | 200% | BRE 2005 |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | 10% | 20% | 50% of all solid walls insulated; all loft insulation up to 270mm; double glazing; some floor insulation | Existing housing - space heating | £16 | 600% | BRE 2005 |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | - | - | Assumed not feasible to install many GSHPs by 2030 | - | - | - | - |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | 4% | 50% | Half of housing excluding flats | Existing housing - electricity | £1,213 | 50% | BRE 2005 |
D9 | Biomass boilers | - | - | Assumed not an option for 2030 | - | - | - | - |
D10 | Solar water heating | 7% | 50% | 80% of all homes less the number which already have SWI | Existing housing - water heating | £305 | 20% | BRE 2005 |
D11 | Micro wind | - | - | Assumed not an option for 2030 | - | - | - | - |
D12 | Micro CHP | 2% | 20% | Just detached housing (proxy for large housing) | Existing housing - water heating | £61 | 50% | CT Micro CHP |
Ref | Option | Core data - 2050 |
|---|
Potential | +/- | Key assumptions | Sub-sector | £/t CO 2eq | +/- | Source / Key assumptions |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 2% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £367 | 20% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 3% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £573 | 40% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 6% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £583 | 20% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 8% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £830 | 40% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | 1% | 20% | CFLs fully replaced with LEDs | Existing housing - lighting | -£72 | 50% | BRE 2005 |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | 13% | 20% | 50% of all solid walls insulated; all loft insulation up to 270mm; double glazing; half of floors insulated when replaced/repaired | Existing housing - space heating | £95 | 100% | BRE 2005 |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | 33% | 50% | 25 million homes in UK; pro rata for Scotland | Existing housing - space heating | £208 | 100% | BRE 2005 |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | 37% | 50% | Half of housing excluding flats; larger area per house than in 2030. | Existing housing - electricity | £1,167 | 100% | BRE 2005 |
D9 | Biomass boilers | 12% | 10% | 5 million homes in UK; pro rata for Scotland | Existing housing - space and water heating | £104 | 20% | BRE 2005 |
D10 | Solar water heating | 7% | 50% | 80% of all homes less the number which already have SWI | Existing housing - water heating | £335 | 30% | BRE 2005 |
D11 | Micro wind | 5% | 0% | 1m x 5kW and 5m x 1kW | Existing housing - electricity | £606 | 100% | BRE 2006 |
D12 | Micro CHP | 2% | 20% | Just detached housing (proxy for large housing) | Existing housing - water heating | £4 | 50% | CT Micro CHP |
Option reference | Option | Influencing factors |
|---|
State of technology | Significant other impact | Type | Other issues |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 64 | Mature | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Mature | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Newly deployed | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Newly deployed | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | CFLs mature; LEDs under development | None | Regulatory or Voluntary | |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | Mature; except for external cladding of cavity walls | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory (e.g. linked to house sales) or Supplier Obligation | |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | Deployed in other countries; needs further development | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory (in practice difficult to regulate full take-up as major barriers) | Note: effectiveness would be reduced by insulation |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | Considerable improvement needed to meet cost targets | Energy security advantages | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | |
D9 | Biomass boilers | Deployed in small numbers | Energy security advantages | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | Note: effectiveness would be reduced by insulation |
D10 | Solar water heating | Deployed in small numbers | Energy security advantages | Regulatory, grants or Supplier Obligation | |
D11 | Micro wind | Newly deployed | Energy security advantages | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | |
D12 | Micro CHP | Demonstration stage | None | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | Takes account of improved insulation |