External Review of Partnership Action on Tobacco and Health (PATH)

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Footnotes

  1. 'The Scottish Executive' was renamed 'the Scottish Government' in September 2007. The term 'Scottish Government' is generally used in this Report, including for work undertaken by the Scottish Executive prior to the renaming, though the term 'Scottish Executive' is used when describing documents published before this date.
  2. www.scotland.gov.uk/library2/doc16/cgpg-00.asp
  3. ASH Scotland Strategic Plan 2004-2009 ( http://www.ashscotland.org.uk/ash/files/ASH%20Scotland%20Strategic%20Plan.pdf)
  4. Scottish Government Social Research. External Review of ASH Scotland. 2008
  5. PATH/ ASH Scotland. PATH Action Plan to March 2008 - final version. April 2006. It should be noted that although the Action Plan refers to a national Support Fund of £1 million, the actual amount of funding was approximately £900,000.
  6. SEHD - Tobacco Control Division. Annex B - PATH Phase 2: 2005-2008, "Building on Success". June 2005.
  7. The STCA, which is hosted by ASH Scotland, is a multi-disciplinary, multi-sectoral body of over 120 organisations concerned with the impact of tobacco on Scotland and its people. It provides a forum for information exchange and a voice for those working in the tobacco field to influence policy development. See paragraph 1.7 above and Annex A.
  8. Due to potential problems around confidentiality and ethical concerns about possible professional and/or academic disadvantage, we have not obtained feedback directly from previous or current course participants.
  9. Action on Smoking and Health ( ASH) Scotland website ( www.ashscotland.org.uk) homepage.
  10. An Atlas of Tobacco Smoking in Scotland: A report presenting estimated smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths within Scotland. NHS Scotland and Scot PHO, 5 July 2007
  11. General Register Office for Scotland. Mid-2006 Population Estimates Scotland. Revised 27 July 2007. http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/mid-2006-population-estimates-scotland/mid-2006-population-estimates-scotland.pdf
  12. ASH Scotland flyer ( www.ashscotland.org.uk/ash/files/Scotland.pdf)
  13. Intermediate zones comprise between 2,500 and 6,000 resident household population and nest within local authority areas. They also, as far as can be managed, meet the criteria of compactness, homogeneity, accordance with other boundaries and environmental features and with local communities identified in the area.
  14. Scottish Household Survey, ISD Scotland SMR02 ( www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Health/TrendSmoking)
  15. Secretary of State for Health and the Secretaries of State for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Smoking Kills - A White Paper on Tobacco. Cm 4177, November 1998; London: The Stationery Office
  16. ASH Scotland/Health Education Board for Scotland. A Smoking Cessation Policy for Scotland. 1998
  17. Secretary of State for Scotland and The Scottish Office. Towards a Healthier Scotland - A White Paper on Health. Cm 4269, February 1999; London: The Stationery Office
  18. ASH Scotland/Health Education Board for Scotland. Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Scotland. 2000
  19. NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland. Reducing Smoking and Tobacco-related Harm - a key to transforming Scotland's Health. 2003; Edinburgh: Health Scotland
  20. Scottish Executive. A Breath of Fresh Air for Scotland - Improving Scotland's Health: The Challenge (Tobacco Control Plan). 2004; Edinburgh: Scottish Executive
  21. NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland. Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Scotland: 2004 Update. 2004
  22. NHS Health Scotland and ASH Scotland. Smoking Cessation Update 2007 - Supplement to the 2004 Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Scotland. 2007
  23. Scottish Executive. Towards a Future without Tobacco - The Report of the Smoking Prevention Working Group. 2006; Edinburgh: Scottish Executive
  24. The change in age range is because the Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey ( SALSUS) became the preferred source of information on smoking prevalence amongst young people, and this survey covers 13-15 year olds.
  25. The Scottish Executive/Government. Building a Better Scotland: Spending Proposals 2005-08: Enterprise, Opportunity, Fairness, 2004 www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/09/19984/43695
  26. The Scottish Executive/Government. Spending Review 2004 Technical Noteswww.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/11/20323/47389
  27. Scottish Household Survey (smoking rates); Scottish Government Health Analytical Services Division (application of Carstairs deprivation).
  28. SMR02 maternity hospital activity, Information Services Division of the NHS (smoking during pregnancy rates); Scottish Government Health Analytical Services Division (application of Carstairs deprivation)
  29. The Scottish Executive. 100 days to go to no smoking law. 15 December 2005 (online) www.clearingtheairscotland.com/news/item.php?id=37
  30. The Scottish Government. Technical Notes for the 2007 Spending Review. See www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/11/30090722/0 for the list of targets and indicators and www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/11/30090722/30 for Indicator 22.
  31. www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Health/health/mental-health/servicespolicy/DFMH/antidepressantprescribing
  32. Scottish Government/ NHS Scotland. Better Health, Better Care: Action Plan. 2007; Edinburgh: The Scottish Government, 2007 www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/12/11103453
  33. Personal communication with Scottish Government staff
  34. www.bma.org.uk/pressrel.nsf/wlu/GGRT-76SC3H?OpenDocument&vw=wfmms
  35. Scottish Government News Release 11/12/2007: Helping smokers kick the habit. This information was announced by the Minister for Public Health at Scotland's first smoking cessation conference. www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2007/12/11114313
  36. Parliamentary written answers report 04/12/07. www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/pqa/wa-07/wa1204.htm
  37. Burchett J and Vettraino A. Smoking cessation training in Scotland: results of a mapping exercise an training needs analysis, ASH Scotland, June 2003
  38. This element is known as the objective structured clinical examination ( OSCE).
  39. According to PATH staff, this has been developed and in use for some time.
  40. All of PATH's RTOs have experience either of delivering smoking cessation support/behaviour change or of delivering training, or of both. One of the RTOs has reached diploma level in a course on Health Professional Education. At the outset all of the RTOs were trained about marking by GCU and all essays were second marked by the GCU lecturer most closely associated with the modules. After the first two intakes, when he was happy with the marking standards, he started to second mark only a sample of essays, as well as moderating all fails and borderlines. In addition, a percentage of essays are externally verified. The RTOs also have access to module leader training days at GCU to ensure that their marking and training practices are up-to-date.
  41. There was a problem with this at the outset when links on the workbook were not live. However, this has been rectified and a senior RTO now checks all of the links on the workbook before it is sent out to each intake. PATH is unaware of any recent problems relating to accessing course materials.
  42. West R et al (2005). Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for the common standard . Addiction, 100:299-303
  43. 10 pilot projects fell directly under the PATH banner, whilst the eleventh was funded as part of the Scottish Government's wider national programme for improving health and mental well-being.
  44. www.ashscotland.org.uk/ash/3781.html
  45. Gaunt-Richardson P, Amos A, Howie G, McKie L and Moore M. (1999) Breaking Down the Barriers - Report of the Women, Low Incomes and Smoking Project,ASH Scotland/Health Education Board for Scotland ( HEBS).


  47. Bauld L, Pickering J, Livingstone M and Mackinnon J. (2008) Evaluation of the ASH Scotland Tobacco and Inequalities Small Grant Funded Projects: Final Report, Scottish Centre for Research on Social Justice
  48. Platt S, Amos A, Bitel M, Bowen G, Gnich W, Jones L, Parry O and Sheehy C. (2006) External Evaluation of the NHS Scotland/ ASH Scotland Young People and Smoking Cessation Pilot Programme,NHS Health Scotland/Research Unit in Health, Behaviour and Change/University of Edinburgh/ ASH Scotland
  49. PATH/ ASH Scotland. (2006) Evaluation of the impact of the PATH Support Fund: Final Report. This evaluation was undertaken by researchers from the Scottish Centre for Social Research (Jones L and Hayes F), the Institute for Social Marketing at the University of Stirling (MacAskill S, Angus K and Stead M), and the University of Edinburgh (Amos A).
  50. Cotinine is a substance that remains in body fluids after nicotine has been used. The presence of this chemical in body fluids is considered to provide proof of recent nicotine use.
  51. In the context of smoking cessation, "hard-to-reach" groups are generally considered to include people experiencing inequalities, including those living in socially deprived and low income areas, older people, people from BME communities, young people, and people with mental health needs and disability. The lesbian, gay and bisexual ( LGB) community can also be included. Several stakeholders also mentioned the specific problems associated with providing smoking cessation services to those living in rural and geographically remote areas.
  52. Social marketers are interested in human behaviour and in understanding ways of changing this by applying marketing concepts and techniques to improve social good. Many health promotion campaigns apply social marketing strategies to practical situations where health can be improved by encouraging people to change their behaviour.
  53. National Statistics (2004). Living in Britain: Results from the 2002 General Household Survey. The Stationery Office: London
  54. This search was undertaken by a member of staff from the University of York's Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, which is now the largest group in the world engaged exclusively in evidence synthesis in the health field.
  55. Buck D, Godfrey C, Parrott S and Raw M. (1997) Cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, Health Education Authority, London
  56. See inflation indices in PSSRUUnit Costs of Health and Social Care 2007
  57. Parrott S and Godfrey C. (2004) Economics of smoking cessation, British Medical Journal 328:947-9
  58. ISD Scotland ISD Scotland collects annual data on the cost of providing health care in Scotland and publishes this information in Scottish Health Service Costs(also known as the Costs Book). Data for 2007 are taken from http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/4434.htmlhttp://www.isd.scotnhs.uk/isd/4688.html (report R020)
  59. This is Scotland's flagship hospital for reducing waiting times (see www.nhsgoldenjubilee.co.uk).
  60. Ludbrook A, Bird S and van Teijlingen E (2005). International Review of the Health and Economic Impact of the Regulation of Smoking in Public Places - Summary Report 2005. NHS Health Scotland
  61. Office for National Statistics (2007). Family spending: 2006 edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan
  62. Tobacco Manufacturers Association (2007). Price of cigarettes across the EU
  63. It should be noted that the proposed budget still has to be passed by Parliament.
  64. Parliamentary written answers report 04/12/07. www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/pqa/wa-07/wa1204.htm
  65. An Atlas of Tobacco Smoking in Scotland: A report presenting estimated smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths within Scotland. NHS Scotland and Scot PHO, 5 July 2007
  66. Alcohol Focus Scotland. Sobering Statistics. www.alcohol-focus-scotland.org.uk/alcohol_information/facts_amp_statistics/
  67. General Register Office for Scotland, Drug-related Deaths in Scotland 2006, 2007; a National Statistics publication. www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/drug-related-deaths-2006/drug-related-deaths-2006.pdf
  68. Information provided by ASH Scotland.
  69. Information provided by ASH Scotland.
  70. Buck D, Godfrey C, Parrott S and Raw M. (1997) Cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, Health Education Authority, London
  71. Buck D. (1997) The cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions: What do we know? International Journal of Health Education, 35(2):44-52
  72. Raw M, McNeill A and West R. (2002) Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Health Professionals. Thorax, 53(5):3-19

Page updated: Thursday, August 28, 2008