National Planning Framework 2 SEA Environmental Report

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Footnotes

  1. Collingwood Environmental Planning, et al, (2006) Working with the SEA Directive: Do's and Don'ts Guide to generating and developing alternatives, http://www.sea-info.net/files/general/Options_Do's__Dont's_Guide_(Dec_06).pdf
  2. The proposed approach to defining and assessing alternatives for the NPFSEA was set out in the scoping report. The Consultation Authorities were generally content with this, but reiterated the need to ensure the alternatives were not hypothetical, but should be real options that are being fully considered as part of the NPF preparation process.
  3. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/06/13103900/0 .
  4. Scottish Government, (2007) Scotland's Biodiversity Indicators, HMSO: Edinburgh.
  5. Scottish Natural Heritage (2006) Annual Review 2006, SNH: Battleby http://www.snh.gov.uk/pdfs/publications/corporate/annreview06/SNH%20Review%202006.pdf - Site Condition Monitoring Covered the period from 1998 - 2005
  6. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  7. Scottish Executive, (2006) Key Scottish Environment Statistics, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh.
  8. Walmsley, C.A., Smithers, R.J., Berry, P.M., Harley, M., Stevenson, M.J., Catchpole, R. (Eds.) (2007). MONARCH - Modelling Natural Resource Responses to Climate Change - a synthesis for biodiversity conservation. UKCIP, Oxford.
  9. Scottish Natural Heritage (2002) Natural Heritage Futures Settlements Prospectus, Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby
  10. Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006
  11. General Register Office for Scotland (2007) Scotland's Population 2006
  12. as referred to NPF - Source: Bramley Report, Communities Scotland.
  13. Scottish Executive (2006) Housing Trends in Scotland: quarter ending 30 June 2006, Scottish Executive Statistical Bulletin Housing Series HSG/2006/7
  14. Scottish Executive Health Department, (2005) Health Survey Results 2003, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh.
  15. Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (2007) The Urban Environment
  16. Communities Scotland (2006) Strategic Environmental Assessment ( SEA): Environmental Report for Communities Scotland Sustainable Development Policy
  17. Scottish Social Statistics, Scottish Executive National Statistics Publication 2001
  18. Scottish Executive National Statistics, (2006) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation General Report, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh.
  19. Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research (2005) Investigating environmental justice in Scotland: Links between measures of environmental quality and social deprivation
  20. Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (2006) Environmental Research Report 2006/01 Scotland's Soil Resource - Current State and Threats
  21. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  22. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  23. A 52% in SO deposition was recorded between 1986 and 1997, but NOx deposition has declined only slightly.
  24. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  25. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  26. SNH (2007)Biomass Energy and the National Heritage Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report
  27. Forestry Commission (2000) Forests and Peatland Habitats Guideline Note
  28. Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (2007) ECOSSE: Estimating Carbon in Organic Soils - Sequestration and Emissions: Final Report
  29. Scottish Water (2006) Public Water Supplies in Scotland: Water Resources Survey 2004-2005.
  30. SEPA (2005) Scotland River Basin District: Characterisation and impacts analyses required by Article 5 of the Water Framework Directive
  31. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  32. SEPA (2005) Scotland River Basin District: Characterisation and impacts analyses required by Article 5 of the Water Framework Directive
  33. SEPA (2007) Significant Water Management Issues for the Scotland river basin district, http://www.sepa.org.uk/consultation/current/swmi/swmi_scotland/contents.html
  34. SEPA, (2007) An interim overview of the significant water management issues in the Solway Tweed river basin district http://www.sepa.org.uk/consultation/current/swmi/swmi_solway_tweed/1.html
  35. http://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/mapping
  36. SNIFFER, SEPA and the University of Abertay Dundee (2002) ' SUDS in Scotland - the Scottish SUDS database' ( SNIFFER Final Report number SR(02)09.
  37. ENEC (2004) Identification of Pressure and Impacts Arising from Strategic Developments Proposed in National Planning Policy and Development Plans, research undertaken on behalf of SEPA and SNH.
  38. Scottish Executive (2004) Planning Advice Note 69: Planning and Building Standards Advice on Flooding
  39. Scottish Executive (2007) Scottish Marine Renewables: Strategic Environmental Assessment
  40. http://www.scottishairquality.co.uk/trends.php
  41. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  42. SNH 2004 Natural Heritage Trends - Air Pollution
  43. http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/what_causes.php
  44. http://www.naei.org.uk/mapping/mapping
  45. IPCC Third Assessment: Climate Change 2001. A Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change..
  46. http://www.ukcip.org.uk/scenarios/ukcip02_extras/observedtrends.asp
  47. SNIFFER (2006) Online Handbook of Climate Trends across Scotland, http://www.sniffer.org.uk/climatehandbook/
  48. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, SEPA: Stirling.
  49. Scottish Executive (2006) Changing Our Ways the Scottish Climate Change Programme, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh.
  50. Scottish Government (2007) Key Scottish Environment Statistics, Scottish Government: Edinburgh.
  51. SEPA (2007) SEPA Waste Data Digest 7 2005 and 2005/2006 data
  52. DEFRA (2006) Carbon Balances and Energy Impacts of the Management of UK Wastes Defra R&D Project WRT 237
  53. Defra (2004) Review of Environmental and Health Effects of Waste Management, Defra, London
  54. Scottish Executive (2007) Energy Efficiency and Microgeneration Achieving a low carbon future: A Strategy for Scotland Draft for Consultation
  55. Scottish Government, (2007) Key Scottish Environment Statistics, Scottish Government: Edinburgh.
  56. fuel poverty is described as a household living in a home which cannot be kept warm "at reasonable cost"
  57. Energy Action Scotland (2006) UK Fuel Poverty Monitor: Are Fuel Poverty Targets out of Range?, Fourth Year Report May 2006 http://www.eas.org.uk/downloads/UK%20Fuel%20Poverty%20Monitor%2006.pdf
  58. Forum for Renewable Energy Development Scotland (2005) Promoting and Accelerating the Market Penetration of Biomass Technology in Scotland, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh
  59. Review of Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Emissions, Air Pollution Impacts and Economics of Biomass Production and Consumption in Scotland. Environmental Research Report 2006/02
  60. Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (2007) Energy Trends September 2007
  61. Scottish Executive (2005) Indicators of Sustainable Development for Scotland: Progress Report 2005, Scottish Executive Environment Group: Edinburgh.
  62. Updated versions of Scottish Transport Statistics tables. Scottish Executive, September 2006 www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Transport-Travel/TablesPublications
  63. Transport Model for Scotland ( TMFS)-2002 Base version www.tmfs.org.uk
  64. Scottish Executive, (2006) Rural Scotland Key Facts 2006, HMSO: Edinburgh.
  65. Transport Statistics Bulletin GB: 2006 edition http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft/dft_transstats_612534.hcsp
  66. Main Transport Trends. Scottish Executive, August 2006 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/08/08133208/0
  67. Scottish Executive (2006) Scotland's Railways
  68. Scottish Executive (2007) Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land Survey 2006, Statistical Bulletin, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh.
  69. Communities Scotland (2006) Strategic Environmental Assessment ( SEA): Environmental Report for Communities Scotland Sustainable Development Policy
  70. Historic Scotland (2007) Scotland's Historic Environment Audit ( SHEA), HMSO: Edinburgh.
  71. Historic Scotland (2007) Scottish Historic Environment Policy 1, HMSO: Edinburgh.
  72. Scottish Executive, (1999) NPPG18 Planning and the Historic Environment, Scottish Executive: Edinburgh.
  73. See the SHEA (above) and references to Historic Scotland's Monument Warden Records 2007.
  74. Historic Scotland (2007) Scotland's Historic Environment Audit, HMSO: Edinburgh.
  75. Council of Europe, European Landscape Convention, http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Landscape/
  76. SNH (2002) Natural Heritage Zones
  77. Scottish Landscape Forum (2007) Scotland's Living Landscapes Places for People The Scottish Landscape Forum's Report to Scottish Ministers
  78. Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006
  79. SNH (2003) Scotland's Future Landscapes? Encouraging a wide debate A discussion paper from Scottish Natural Heritage
  80. See, for example www.thebep.org.uk. Examples of projects supported also by enterprise companies which have taken forward good practice e.g. NOVA science and technology park where skylarks have been safeguarded, and protection of Great-crested newts at Gartcosh.
  81. The Scottish Biodiversity Strategy notes that much urban greenspace is of a low quality and that urban fringe areas, predominantly comprising marginal agricultural land and woodlands, is under used and subject to flytipping and vandalism. See also baseline analysis relating to biodiversity and settlement expansion.
  82. See the baseline assessment for concentrations of social exclusion in Scotland, as defined by the SIMD.
  83. SEPA (2007) Significant Water Management Issues Report: Scotland River Basin District
  84. SNH's Natural Heritage Futures Paper on Scotland's Future Landscapes (2003) noted that key areas which are vulnerable to further land use change include those which are most accessible, or urban fringes and alongside major transport corridors.
  85. Refer to work by ENTEC (2004) on behalf of SEPA and SNH within the baseline section on water for further information on the proportion of strategic development sites where pressures and impacts on the water environment were identified.
  86. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2005) Carbon dioxide capture and storage, IPCC, New York http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srccs/srccs_wholereport.pdf
  87. Energy Institute, (2006) EI Response to HM Treasury: Carbon Capture and Storage: a consultation on the barriers to commercial development.
  88. SEPA's (2006) State of the Environment explains the links between environmental quality and health. These can be either direct or indirect. Air pollution can directly influence respiratory and cardiovascular health, and water pollution and nutrient enrichment can lead to a range of problems from gastrointestinal illness and skin irritation to liver damage. Positive aspects of the environment, including high quality greenspace and routes for walking within natural areas have been shown to generate significant physical and mental health benefits.
  89. SNIFFER (2004) Project UKE(03)1) Investigating Environmental Justice in Scotland: Links between Measures of Environmental Quality and Social Deprivation, SNIFFER: Edinburgh. This work showed that there are significant links between social deprivation and environmental problems. There is a particularly strong relationship between deprivation and industrial pollution, derelict land and river water quality. Less distinct links were identified between deprivation, landfill sites and open cast areas, with the relationship being strongest within a rural setting. The relationship between greenspace and deprivation was found to be complex, and policy was shown to have resulted in an improvement in the level of accessibility of woodlands for deprived communities.
  90. Scope for achieving this is explored further in Faber Maunsell and Metoc Plc (2007) Scottish Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report, Prepared for the Scottish Executive, www.seaenergyscotland.net
  91. This is identified as a key challenge in Historic Scotland (2007) Scottish Historic Environment Policy ( SHEP) 1 Scotland's Historic Environment, www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
  92. SEAS the opportunity (2005) reflects on Historic Scotland's coastal zone assessment programme. This identified potentially 34,000 monuments located close to Scotland's coasts, of which an estimated 12,400 may be vulnerable to coastal erosion, 600 are regarded to be highly significant, with 300 of this total potentially being internationally significant.
  93. DEFRA, (2007) Conserving biodiversity in a changing climate: guidance on building capacity to adapt, www.defra.gov.uk
  94. See background paper prepared by SNH for the Scottish Landscape Forum (2007) http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/strategy/landscapes/4-1%20Draft%20report%20of%20the%20values%20and%20benefits%20working%20group.pdf for a useful outline of landscape benefits and associated evidence sources.
  95. SNH (2002) Natural Heritage Zones: A National Assessment of Scotland's Landscapes, www.snh.org.uk
  96. DEFRA, (2007) Conserving biodiversity in a changing climate: guidance on building capacity to adapt, www.defra.gov.uk
  97. Kerr, A., and McLeod, A., (2001) Potential Adaptation Strategies for Climate Change in Scotland, prepared on behalf of the Scottish Executive, HMSO: Edinburgh.
  98. Scottish Coastal Forum (2005) A Strategy for Scotland's Coasts and Inshore Waters, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/47060/0014564.pdf
  99. DEFRA (2004) Review of Environmental and Health Effects of Waste Management shows that waste facilities need not necessarily result in adverse environmental effects. Actual effects vary between types of facility, and the research shows that only landfill facilities result in significant effects at all sites. In most other cases, effects tend to be minor or within the scope of mitigation or compensatory measures. Some types of development can also lead to positive environmental effects, such as benefit from composting and anaerobic digestion for biodiversity and soils, climatic benefits from waste transfer stations.
  100. SEPA (2007) Significant Water Management Issues Report: Scotland River Basin District. This notes that point source pollution is a particular problem for transitional and groundwater resources, but also confirms that this is linked to historic landfill consents and operations, and is avoided as a result of more recent regulations governing new schemes. It states that actions undertaken under the National Waste Plan, as supported by NPF, will reduce this problem by increasing the share of waste managed and disposed of in more sustainable ways.
  101. Scottish Executive, (2006) Rural Scotland Key Facts 2006: People and Communities, Services and Lifestyle, Economy and Enterprise, HMSO: Edinburgh.
  102. Apostolaki, S., Jefferies, C., Wild, T., (2006) The Social Impacts of Stormwater Management Techniques, research undertaken for SNIFFER. This report shows that innovative water management is generally supported by the public, but that many people may also be concerned about the safety of open watercourses close to their homes. Levels of concern vary according to local contexts, and more aesthetically pleasing schemes are perceived to be safer by local people. An evaluation of public views on a SUDS scheme in Glasgow showed that safety was a key concern, with secondary concerns about flooding being exacerbated (as opposed to solved) by the scheme. People are more likely to welcome SUDS if they understand its functioning and effectiveness, and generally reinstatement of watercourses to their natural state, but schemes must be well maintained to achieve long term approval.
  103. Mapping undertaken for the first NPF emphasises the close correlation between social deprivation and derelict and vacant land, and this is taken forward in the baseline analysis provided in Appendix 2.
  104. SNH (2003) Scotland's Future Landscapes: Encouraging a Wider Debate. This report suggests that there are low levels of recognition of the particularly damaging cumulative effects of incremental land use change on landscapes. The public tend to focus on the obvious impacts of large scale developments, and some may have difficulty reconciling social need and expectations with broader environmental aims. The discussion paper also suggests that community expansion over many years has weakened local identity and disrupted the historic setting os some settlements.
  105. Historic Scotland (2007) Scottish Historic Environment Policy ( SHEP) 1 Scotland's Historic Environment, www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
  106. Refer to Map X in the baseline analysis for spatial patterns of social exclusion defined by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.
  107. Glasgow and Clyde Valley Structure Plan Joint Committee, (2006) Glasgow and the Clyde Valley 2006 Structure Plan Alteration: the Twenty Year Development Vision: Technical Report TR 8/06, GCVCore: Glasgow.
  108. See for example, SEPA's Area Waste Plans for Glasgow and Clyde Valley, Forth Valley, and Lothian and Borders, on www.sepa.org.uk
  109. Refer to mapping in the baseline assessment which identifies area of derelict and vacant land per head of population.
  110. Glasgow and Clyde Valley Structure Plan Joint Committee, (2006) Glasgow and the Clyde Valley 2006 Structure Plan Alteration: The Twenty Year Development Vision. Technical Report TR 6/06 Assessment of Potential Areas for Urban Expansion
  111. Werrity, A and Chatterton, J., (2004) Foresight: Future Flooding Scotland, Office of Science and Technology
  112. SEPA, (2007) Significant Water Management Issues Report: Scotland River Basin District, www.sepa.org.uk. Spatial analysis of pressures in sub basin district shows that agriculture tends to be a key issue in the east of the country as a result of its role in generating diffuse pollution, abstraction and flow regulation and morphological impacts. However, the planning system can play a role in reducing other impacts on the east coast's water environment, including those arising from urban development, and point source pollution arising from waste disposal, mining and quarrying.
  113. Highland Council (2007) A96 Corridor Masterplan Strategic Environmental Assessment Non Technical Summary, Prepared by Halcrow Group Ltd.
  114. Highland Council (2007) A96 Corridor Masterplan Strategic Environmental Assessment Non Technical Summary, Prepared by Halcrow Group Ltd.
  115. Land Use Consultants (1998) Ayrshire Landscape Assessment, on behalf of SNH, www.snh/org.uk/publications/on-line/LCA/Ayrshire.asp
  116. www.waverleyrailwayproject.co.uk/benefits/ suggest that car journeys could be cut by more than 750,000 per year, reducing pollution and congestion, particularly on the A68 and A7.
  117. SEPA (2007) An interim overview of the significant water management issues in the: Solway-Tweed River Basin District identifies key pressures on water resources in the area. This sets out key pressures leading to significant issues for water management in the area. Urban development is less of an issue than in other parts of Scotland, but there are issues of relevance to planning, including point source and diffuse source pollution arising from sewage disposal activities, as well as abstraction and flow regulation resulting from water supplies. This suggests that improvements to water supplies and drainage infrastructure at a strategic level could be particularly beneficial for this area. More specific measures emerging within the Draft RBMP should be taken forward within development plans for the area.
  118. SNH, (2002) Natural Heritage Futures: Border Hills, www.snh.org.uk and SNH,(2002) Natural Heritage Futures: The Eastern Lowlands
  119. Most of these conclusions reflect the findings of the recent SEA of the Forth Replacement Crossing Study, prepared by Jacobs, Faber Maunsell and Aecom on behalf of Transport Scotland (2007). This also provides more detailed consideration of alternatives to the proposal.
  120. Findings set out here draw from those provided in the West Edinburgh Planning Framework (2006), although further consideration has specifically been given to the implications of increased air travel.
  121. Department for Transport, (2007) Low Carbon Transport Innovation Strategy, DfT: London.
  122. Department for Transport, (2007) Low Carbon Transport Innovation Strategy, DfT: London.
  123. Glasgow and Clyde Valley Structure Plan Joint Committee, (2006) Glasgow and the Clyde Valley 2006 Structure Plan Alteration: The Twenty Year Development Vision. Technical Report TR 6/06 Assessment of Potential Areas for Urban Expansion.
  124. Falkirk Council, Falkirk Area Biodiversity Action Plan: Estuary Action Plan, www.falkirk.gov.uk
  125. See details of proposed employment generation on Grangemouth Investment Zone on www.scottish-enterprise.com
  126. SEPA, (2006) State of Scotland's Environment 2006, www.sepa.org.uk
  127. www.forthestuaryforum.co.uk
  128. David Tyldesley and Associates, (1996) Dunfermline District landscape assessment, No.19 SNH: Edinburgh.
  129. Much of the information presented here has been drawn from: Orkney Islands Council (2006) Lyness Transshipment Container Terminal: Outline Design Report, prepared by Mott MacDonald, www.scapaflowhub.org.uk
  130. www.jncc.org.uk
  131. SEPA, (2007) Significant Water Management Issues Report: Scotland River Basin District, www.sepa.org.uk
  132. Historic Scotland (2007) Scottish Historic Environment Policy ( SHEP) 1 Scotland's Historic Environment.
  133. SNH, (2002) Natural Heritage Futures - Orkney and Northern Caithness, www.snh.org.uk
  134. Faber Maunsell and Metoc Plc (2007) Scottish Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report, Prepared for the Scottish Executive, www.seaenergyscotland.net
  135. Wessex Archaeology Ltd. (2007) Historic Environment Guidance for the Offshore Renewable Energy Sector, Commissioned by Cowrie Ltd., (project reference ARCH-11-05). This states that offshore renewable energy schemes can impact on the historic environment as a result of the construction of turbines and infrastructure such as cable laying. Impacts on the inter tidal zone can also be expected, and the coast can be affected by construction of shore side infrastructure. The report states that although effects tend to be minor when viewed individually, their cumulative effects can be significant, particularly when combined with the effects of other developments and activities. The report make recommendations for mitigation, including use of the precautionary principle, preservation in situ, mitigation of disturbance effects and preservation by record.
  136. SNH, (2002) Natural Heritage Zones: A National Assessment of Scotland's Landscapes, www.snh.org.uk. This notes that potential effects of renewable energy developments on some coastal areas could be acute.
  137. Hyder Consulting ( UK) Ltd., (2005), Glasgow Strategic Drainage Plan - Stage 2
  138. SEPA reports particular problems arising for this part of the Scotland River Basin District including diffuse pollution arising from agriculture and urban development, point source pollution as a result of the collection and treatment of sewage, abstraction of public water supplies and morphological change to accommodate historic engineering and flood defences.
  139. This part of the assessment has drawn from the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games Candidate City File, People, Place, Passionwww.thecgf.com including the initial environmental assessment that accompanied the bid

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