Footnotes
1. We used the eight areas set out in the ESOL strategy consultation paper: South West (Dumfries & Galloway, South and East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire); South East (Scottish Borders and East Lothian); Central West (Argyll and Bute, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, Renfrewshire and West Dunbartonshire); Central (Clackmannanshire, Falkirk, North Lanarkshire, Stirling and West Lothian); Central East (City of Edinburgh and Mid Lothian); Fife and Tayside (Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Perth & Kinross); Highlands and Western Isles (Comhairle non Eilean Siar, Highland and Moray); North East and Northern Isles (Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands).
2. An assumption was made that the bulk of provision accounted for through the CLD Partnerships is being delivered by the local authority, though it should be recognised that in some areas this will also include delivery by other providers such as voluntary organisations. The findings that follow need to be viewed in that light.
3. Registrar General, (2005), Annual Review of Demographic Trends Scotland's Population 2004, Edinburgh.
4. New Scots: Attracting Fresh Talent to Meet the Challenge of Growth, Scottish Executive (Edinburgh 2004)
5. http://www.workingintheuk.gov.uk/working_in_the_uk/en/homepage/schemes_and_programmes/fresh_talent__working.html
6. National English for Speakers of Other Languages ( ESOL) Strategy: Mapping Exercise and Scoping Study, Rice, C. McGregor, N., Thomson, H., Udagawa, C., (Edinburgh 2005) http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/01/20537/50160
7. COSLA Strategic Migration Partnership. http://www.asylumscotland.org.uk/asylumstatistics.php
8. Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions, HM Revenue & Customs and Department for Communities and Local Government. Accession Monitoring Report., (London 2006), http://www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk/6353/aboutus/accessionmonitoringreport9.pdf
9. Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions, HM Revenue & Customs and Department for Communities and Local Government. Accession Monitoring Report., (London 2006) Overall in the UK, the highest proportion of applicants were Polish (62%), Lithuanian (12%), and Slovak (10%); The top five occupational groups, for applicants living in Scotland were Hospitality & Catering (27%), Agriculture (20%), Administration, Business & Management (15%), Food, Fish & Meat Processing (13%), and Construction & Land Services (6%)
10. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, (2007) Migrants lives beyond the workplace: East European immigration and community cohesion, York, http://www.jrf.org.uk/bookshop/details.asp?pubid=888
11. Worker Registration Scheme ( WRS)
12. The Tayside migrant labour population: scale, impacts and experiences, Communities Scotland (Edinburgh 2006) http://www.communitiesscotland.gov.uk/stellent/groups/public/documents/webpages/pubcs_013101.pdf Other studies in the Highlands and Borders have found similar patterns.
13. North Lanarkshire Council, Scottish Enterprise Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire Council, Achieving a better understanding of A8 migrant labour needs in Lanarkshire (Stirling 2007).
14. Commission for Rural Communities A8 migrant workers in rural areas CRC Briefing Paper (London 2007). Areas such as Herefordshire, the Fens and Yorkshire had rates in excess of urban areas.
15. The Times, 2 January 2007
16. COSLA Strategic Migration Partnership. http://www.asylumscotland.org.uk/asylumstatistics.php
17. Commission on Integration and Cohesion Interim Statement, 21 February 2007, http://www.integrationandcohesion.org.uk/Interim_Statement.aspx
18. http://www.archive2.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm64/6472/6472.pdf
19. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, (2007) Migrants lives beyond the workplace: East European immigration and community cohesion, York
20. Scottish Executive, (2003) Life Through Learning: Learning Through Life, Edinburgh, p. 6 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/47032/0028819.pdf
21. Scottish Executive, (2007), The Adult ESOL Strategy for Scotland, Edinburgh http://www.scottishexecutive.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/176977/0050036.pdf
22. Anniesland College, Glasgow, Dundee College, Inverness Workers' Educational Association, Langside College, Glasgow, Stevenson College, Edinburgh
23. National English for Speakers of Other Languages ( ESOL) Strategy: Mapping Exercise and Scoping Study, Rice, C. McGregor, N., Thomson, H., Udagawa, C., (Edinburgh 2005).
24. National English for Speakers of Other Languages ( ESOL) Strategy: Mapping Exercise and Scoping Study, Rice, C. McGregor, N., Thomson, H., Udagawa, C., (Edinburgh 2005)
25. As a previous study we had conducted in the London Borough of Southwark found, many people in need of ESOL learning do not come forward until there is suitable provision to match their needs. ( http://www.southwark.gov.uk/uploads/file_20034.pdf)
26. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=10855
27. For the full Learning Link Scotland report, ESOL in Scotland's Voluntary Sector, please see http://www.learninglinkscotland.org.uk/ESOL_Scotlands_Voluntary_Sector_Report.pdf
28. We used the eight areas set out in the ESOL strategy consultation paper: South West (Dumfries & Galloway, South and East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire); South East (Scottish Borders and East Lothian); Central West (Argyll and Bute, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, Renfrewshire and West Dunbartonshire); Central (Clackmannanshire, Falkirk, North Lanarkshire, Stirling and West Lothian); Central East (City of Edinburgh and Mid Lothian); Fife and Tayside (Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Perth & Kinross); Highlands and Western Isles (Comhairle non Eilean Siar, Highland and Moray); North East and Northern Isles (Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands).
29. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/35596/0026951.pdf
30. These are described as Partnerships throughout the text though the funding for these learners is assumed to be largely from local authority grant aided expenditure, and may also include funded provision within the voluntary sector and some colleges.
31. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/06/22142508/25107
32. Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions, HM Revenue & Customs and Department for Communities and Local Government. Accession Monitoring Report., (London 2006)
33. Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions, HM Revenue & Customs and Department for Communities and Local Government. Accession Monitoring Report., (London 2006)
34. Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions, HM Revenue & Customs and Department for Communities and Local Government. Accession Monitoring Report., (London 2006)
35. For a discussion of providers' experiences and perceptions of this please see Chapter six, e.g. paragraph 6.16-6.18.
36. It should be noted though that the Scottish Government's Adult ESOL strategy for Scotland takes into consideration the diversity of ESOL learners and their cultures and addresses this issue. http://www.scottishexecutive.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/176977/0050036.pdf, does address this
37. The Scottish Government's Adult ESOL strategy for Scotland http://www.scottishexecutive.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/176977/0050036.pdf
38. http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/help-with-english/learn-english/what/index.htm
39. Interview with a government adviser.
41. Interview with government adviser.
42. Interview with provider of free ESL tuition.
43. Interviews with government advisers and policymakers.
44. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/7056F80A147D09D3CA25723600006532?opendocument
45. Interview with policymaker.