Scottish Government

Legislation and Main Requirements: The Directive provides a basis for Member States to implement measures to ensure a high emphasis on minimising energy consumption in buildings.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: European level framework for improving energy efficiency of buildings.

Relevant Objectives:

To promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the Community, taking into account outdoor climatic and local conditions, as well as indoor climate requirements and cost-effectiveness. Requirements are laid down relating to:

• application of a common methodology for calculating the energy performance buildings, taking account of local climatic conditions, throughout Europe
• Member States setting minimum standards for energy performance of new and major refurbishment of buildings.
• providing a basis for a system of building certification to make energy consumption levels more visible to owners, tenants and users.
• requiring boilers and air conditioning systems above a minimum size to be inspected regularly to verify their energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary):NA

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• None identified

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• Minimum standards for energy performance of buildings
• Require regular plant inspections

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Opportunities to increase microgeneration in new buildings
• Ensuring energy efficiency is considered in the design of new buildings and major refurbishments

Constraints/challenges:

• Cost implications

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: The directive requires member states to draw up national action plans to achieve 1% yearly energy savings in the retail, supply and distribution of electricity, natural gas, urban heating, and other energy products including transport fuels.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: European level framework for achieving energy savings in member states.

Relevant Objectives:

To reduce energy consumption in retail, supply and distribution of electricity, natural gas, urban heating, and other energy products including transport fuels.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• National 1% reduction in energy consumption per year for nine years, starting January 2008 (indicative).

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• public sector obligation to take energy efficiency into account in public procurements related to the purchase of vehicles, buildings and other equipment
• supply-side obligation for energy distributors and retailers to offer efficiency improvement measures to their customers

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: Sustainable development

Relevance to EEM Strategy:UK level sustainability strategy

Relevant Objectives:

• Sustainable consumption and production - achieving more for less
• Climate change and energy - confronting the greatest threat
• Natural resource protection
• Sustainable communities
• Changing behaviour to achieve sustainable development

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Kyoto Protocol target to reduce UK greenhouse gas emissions by 12.5 per cent below base year levels over the period 2008-12. Latest projections show that the UK is well on course to meet its Kyoto target.
• national goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20 per cent below 1990 levels by 2010. Current estimated projections, taking into account measures within the UK Climate Change Programme ( CCP) show that carbon dioxide emissions are expected to be about 14 per cent below 1990 levels by 2010 rather than 20 per cent.
• long-term goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by some 60 per cent by about 2050 with real progress by 2020.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• The 2004 Budget introduced a reduced rate of VAT on m CHP from 2005, subject to trials, and reduced rate VAT on ground source heat pumps, a viable carbon efficient means of heating for buildings that are off the gas grid.

INDICATORS

• Greenhouse gas emissions: Kyoto target and CO2 emissions
• CO2 emissions by end user: industry, domestic, transport (excluding international aviation), other
• Aviation and shipping emissions: greenhouse gases from UK-based international aviation and shipping fuel bunkers, and GDP
• Renewable electricity: renewable electricity generated as a percentage of total electricity
• Energy supply: UK primary energy supply and gross inland energy consumption
• Electricity generation: electricity generated, CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions by electricity generators and GDP
• Household energy use: domestic CO2 emissions and household final consumption expenditure
• Road transport: CO2 emissions and GDP
• Private vehicles: CO2 emissions and car-km and household final consumption expenditure
• Road freight: CO2 emissions and tonne-km, tonnes and GDP
• Manufacturing sector: CO2, emissions and GVA
• Agriculture sector: methane emissions and output
• Service sector: CO2 emissions and GVA
• Public sector: CO2 emissions and GVA

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Bringing sustainability to the core of Government policy
• White certificate trading. ("White certificate" refers to the concept of a tradable commodity that represents an amount of saved energy, or avoided energy use. Companies would be set a target level of energy efficiency improvement, and could meet this by either increasing their energy efficiency or by buying certificates from other participants who had generated a surplus).

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: To provide a UK level framework to tackle climate change in line with international obligations such as the Kyoto Protocol.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Identifies a set of UK Government commitments and targets to tackle climate change at international and domestic level, in a range of sectors including domestic (housing), local government and energy supply.

Relevant Objectives:

Overall objectives can be summarised as: to support development of energy efficient technologies, widen understanding of and accessibility to energy efficiency technology to a broader range of domestic and business consumers, and steadily increase the standard expected of new buildings in relation to energy efficiency, through a range of measures, including:

• spending £80m in the next three years to support microgeneration technologies, with the aim of encouraging manufacture at higher scale leading to lower costs.
• maintaining a strong package of support, advice and information measures to help businesses improve their energy efficiency;
• continuing to take forward significant improvements already made and update the Building Regulations in April 2006 to raise energy standards of new build and refurbished buildings
• introducing the Code for Sustainable Homes which will have minimum standards for energy and water efficiency at every level of the Code, with the lowest levels raised above the level of mandatory building regulations;
• seeking to achieve substantially higher carbon savings from the Energy Efficiency Commitment in 2008-11;
• achieving 250,000 additional subsidised installations of home insulation over the next two years over and above existing commitments;
• maintaining the Energy Efficiency Commitment to deliver energy efficiency measures in low income households to help meet our fuel poverty targets.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): Annexes provide data on emissions projections, CO₂, methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF₆.

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Targets are the responsibility of the Scottish Executive (see Scottish Climate Change Programme)

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• Effectiveness measurement is responsibility of the Scottish Executive (see Scottish Climate Change Programme)

Opportunities/Synergies:

• promoting and encouraging energy efficient technologies and microgeneration at a Scottish level to support implementation of this programme

Constraints/challenges:

• Cost implications
• Bilateral cooperation with other countries

Other Information and References:

• Energy Efficiency Commitment 2008-11
• Scotland's Climate Change Programme

Legislation and Main Requirements: Appraisal of current UK energy policy, with particular focus on climate change and security of supply. Introduction of further measures to further energy policy goals (see below).

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Identifies a number of new measures at the UK level to promote energy efficiency and microrenewables. Updates estimates of current and forecast figures for UK energy supply and demand and greenhouse gas emissions.

Relevant Objectives:

To assess progress against the 2003 Energy White Paper Goals and bring forward policy proposals, in particular related to tackling climate change and maintaining security of supply.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): See Synthesis of Cost Benefit Analysis, and the UK Energy and CO2 Projections in the other information and references below.

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Re-states previous targets - e.g. 60% reduction in CO₂ emissions from 1990 levels by 2050.
• Extends Renewable Obligation to 20% by 2020 (with caveats on achievability).
• Central government estate to be carbon-neutral by 2012.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• Move towards new developments in England and Wales being carbon neutral.
• Develop the Code for Sustainable Homes and indicate it sets the long term direction for Building Regulations.
• Require all Government-funded new housing in England to meet the EcoHomes "Very Good" standard.
• Include energy performance certificates, for both new and existing buildings, in Home Information Packs.
• Develop a new Planning Policy Statement ( PPS) on Climate Change.
• Work to remove the least energy efficient consumer products from the market.
• Revise EEC- consult on expanding range of measures allowed under EEC3.
• Consider move to a new form of supplier obligation to replace EEC once phase 3 expires in 2011.
• Examine the scope for more sophisticated monitoring of energy usage in the domestic sector.
• From 2007, improvements in the information provided in domestic customer's energy bills.
• Address the barriers to improved metering and billing the business sector.
• Consult on a proposal for a mandatory emissions trading scheme for the large non-energy intensive organisations.
• Consider the future of the Climate Change Agreements.
• Mandatory energy efficiency and sustainability procurement standards for government procurement.
• Central government estate of buildings carbon neutral by 2012.
• Consider how the social obligations of EEC can be met in the future.
• Consider changes to EEC that could allow all forms of microgeneration to be eligible.
• Remove planning obstacles to installing microgeneration on existing buildings
• Encourage energy suppliers to develop a system to acquire electricity from microgenerators.
• Developing successor arrangements to the current EU Voluntary Agreements on new car fuel efficiency.
• Enhance consumer information on transport emissions and climate change.

The carbon impact of "firm" measures (both new measures and those proposed since the UKCCPR) is shown below. See the CBA document for details.

Opportunities/Synergies:

• The Scottish Executive has devolved responsibilities for many of the policy areas covered by this report - in particular, energy efficiency, microgeneration, renewables, planning and building standards.
• In these areas, the Executive can follow developments proposed for England and assess where it would be necessary or desirable to implement a parallel measures in Scotland.
• In reserved areas, the Executive can contribute to consultations taking place at a UK level,

Constraints/challenges:

• Reducing carbon emissions while maintaining security of supply and avoiding damage to UK international competitiveness.
• Improving energy efficiency across all sectors.
• Promoting international markets for energy supply and carbon emissions.
• Adapting the UK market, planning and regulatory framework to meet the new energy challenges.
• Optimising extraction of North Sea oil and gas.

Other Information and References:

A brief summary of the relevant documents:

Synthesis of cost benefit analysis

• High-level CBA of the measures proposed in the Energy Review.
• Adds new measures proposed since the UK Climate Change Programme Review.
• Follows DEFRA guidance on evaluating the greenhouse gas benefits of policy:
  www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/uk/ukccp/pdf/greengas-policyevaluation.pdf
• Energy efficiency section includes figures for assessing GHG benefits of EE measures.

UK energy and CO₂ emissions projections

• Figures for current and projected UK energy use and emissions, updated from UKCCPR. Includes updates to fuel price forecasts.

UK carbon reduction potential from technologies in the transport sector

• Summary of technologies for low-carbon transport
• Includes figures for carbon emissions and potential savings from transport.

Future network technologies

• Overview of technologies available for updating the UK electricity network.
• A good overview of the network impact of distributed generation, including large-scale and microrenewables.

Energy review: overarching initial regulatory impact assessment

• Describes regulatory impact of proposals in Energy Review.
• Includes a full list of all newly proposed and previously announced measures contained in the Energy Review.

Legislation and Main Requirements: Requirement of the Environment Act 1995 - national strategy for air quality improvements.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Identifies specific reduction targets for air pollutants and key measures for improving air quality.

Relevant Objectives:

• To provide the best practicable protection to human health by setting health-based objectives for eight main air pollutants.
• To make sure that everyone can enjoy a level of ambient air quality in public places which poses no significant risk to health or quality of life.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary):

• Various data on current air quality in the UK - reflecting data presented in the NAEI.

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Does not cover CO₂

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: Consultation paper on options for further improvements in air quality.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Assesses success of national AQ strategy and considers additional policy interventions to further improve air quality.

Relevant Objectives:

• To further improve the air quality and reduce emissions in the UK.
• Proposed review of current pollutant-specific objectives.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary):

• Various data on current air quality in the UK - reflecting data presented in the NAEI.

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: National strategy on microgeneration

Relevance to EEM Strategy:UK Level strategy to support and promote microgeneration

Relevant Objectives:

To create "…conditions under which microgeneration becomes a realistic alternative or supplementary energy generation source for the householder, for the community and for small businesses".

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• DTI will undertake such further analysis and research as is required, building on the EST study, to enhance understanding of the future potential of microgeneration technologies before making a decision on whether a microgeneration target is required.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Regulation - the regulations governing planning requirements for new build, planning permission for microgeneration installations on existing build and the Building Regulations can provide opportunities for the microgeneration industry.

Constraints/challenges:

• Cost constraints
• Information constraints (market understanding of benefits and impact on consumer takeup)
• Technical constraints

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements:UK Government White Paper - future energy policy

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Sets out the Government's approach to energy policy in relation to reducing carbon emissions to tackle climate change, fuel poverty and security of supply.

Relevant Objectives:

Four goals for energy policy include:

• to put ourselves on a path to cut the UK's carbon dioxide emissions - the main contributor to climate change - by some 60 per cent by about 2050, with real progress by 2020
• to ensure that every home is adequately and affordable heated.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• 60% reduction in carbon emissions from 1990 levels by about 2050.
• We expect more than half the emissions reductions in our existing Climate Change Programme - around 10 MtC per annum by 2010 - to come from energy efficiency.
• We believe that energy efficiency can contribute around half of the additional 15-25 MtC savings we are likely to need by 2020
• By 2020, a further 4-6MtC of annual savings can come from households.
• By 2020, a further 4-6 MtC can be delivered annually from the business and public sectors.
• NHS Trusts are already targeted to reduce the level of primary energy consumption by 15% or by 0.15 MtC equivalent from March 2000 to March 2010.
• If we are to achieve a 60% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050, we are likely to need renewables by then to be contributing at least 30% to 40% of our electricity generation and possibly more.
• Our aim for renewables is that they should supply 10% of UK electricity in 2010. Our aspiration is by 2020 to double renewables' share of electricity from our 2010 target.
• We remain committed to a target of 10 GWe of Good Quality CHP capacity being installed by 2010.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• May be scope through the European renewables Directive to help bring smaller sources of generation within the Renewables Obligation...and scope for developing simpler metering arrangements to help micro generators (including solar PV) obtain a fair value for the surplus electricity they export to the grid.
• Significant potential for contribution to carbon reduction targets in all sectors.

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: UK strategy to eradicate fuel poverty.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Tie in between energy efficiency, carbon reduction and fuel poverty.

Relevant Objectives:

• UK - by 2018, no household in the UK should live in fuel poverty
• Scotland - so far as reasonably practicable, people are not living in fuel poverty in Scotland by November 2016. The Scottish Executive is also committed to achieving a 30 per cent reduction in fuel poverty by 2006 based on the 2002 Scottish House Condition Survey.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• None identified

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Potential indirect benefits of relationship between energy efficiency measures, reducing carbon emissions and fuel poverty.

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References:

• Warm Deal
• Central Heating Programme

Legislation and Main Requirements: Partnership working

Relevance to EEM Strategy: High level commitment to renewable technologies

Relevant Objectives:

• We will introduce a decent homes standard. We will use the standard to define a new energy banding system to classify houses according to energy efficiency, offering tangible benefits to homeowners for energy conservation improvements they make to their homes.
• We will support the development of wave, tidal and solar energy and support the development of technologies to promote the greater use of fuel from wood and other energy crops. We will press the UK Government and electricity companies to strengthen the electricity grid. We will encourage participation in renewable energy projects by communities and local authorities.
• We will build on our participation at the Earth Summit held in Johannesburg by working with the UK Government, where appropriate, to meet our commitments to tackle climate change, and promote renewable energy and other aspects of sustainability.
• We will take measures to reduce energy use, including the increased use of solar power and the introduction of energy conservation measures, throughout the public sector.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• We will work towards our target for 40% of Scottish electricity generation to be from renewable sources by 2020 as part of our commitment to addressing climate change.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: Identifies the Scottish Share - the amount of carbon savings that Scotland has to deliver through its devolved policies to match savings from all devolved policies in the UKCCP on a per capita basis.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Scotland's approach to tackling climate change, including promotion of energy efficiency and microgeneration.

Relevant Objectives:

• encouraging more efficient use of energy by the public and Scottish businesses while increasing "greener'' renewable sources of electricity and heat such as wind, wave, tidal, biomass (such as wood) and solar power.
• supporting activities which promote new and cleaner vehicle technology and fuel, while urging the public to consider alternatives to driving cars (public transport, cycling, walking).
• delivering significant carbon savings from Scotland's forests by increasing forest cover and through using more wood as fuel instead of fossil fuels.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary):

REFER TO PAGE 11 FOR FULL DATA

• greenhouse gas emissions fell by 10% between 1990 and 2003
• carbon dioxide emissions over the same period fell more than any other UK country - by 8%
• the level of carbon removed from the atmosphere by our soil and trees - our carbon sink - increased by 20% between 1990 and 2003
• taking account of the carbon sink, Scotland's greenhouse gas emissions in 2003 were 14% lower than they were in 1990.
• See Annex F - Scottish Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990 - 2003

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• UK Kyoto target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 12.5% by 2008-2012. It also has two more ambitious
• UK domestic goals - to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20% by 2010 and to
• reduce them by some 60% by around 2050.
• Scottish Share - 1.7 MtC in annual savings by 2010
• Scottish Target - exceed the Scottish Share by 1 MtC in 2010

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• Annex E presents annual carbon savings in 2010 (MtC) for a range of reserved and devolved policy interventions
• Notes that the effectiveness of the enefgy efficiency strategy will be measured by the carbon savings it delivers and a specific carbon savings target will be set within it for all of the measures it covers.
• Forthcoming review of energy standards within Building Standards - early indications are that if the proposals are implemented they will deliver carbon savings in the region of 18-25% for new dwellings and 23-28% for new non-domestic buildings.
• To date the UK emissions trading scheme has delivered reductions of over 1.6MtC.

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Contribute to the Scottish share - exceed Scotland's contribution to UK and international commitments.

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References:

• UK Climate Change Programme

Legislation and Main Requirements: Strategy to influence activities of all sectors in Scotland to bring about sustainable development - including energy use and emissions.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Identifies role of, and reaffirms commitment to supporting, energy efficiency and microgeneration in delivering sustainable development.

Relevant Objectives:

• Aims to secure a profound change in the way we generate and use energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Scottish Executive to reduce emissions from its business travel by 5% between 2005-06 and 2010-11.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• The Executive has delivered major improvements of the energy efficiency of its estate, resulting in a 49% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to energy use since 1991.

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References:

• Scottish Climate Change Programme

Legislation and Main Requirements: Paper setting out Scottish Executive renewable energy policy.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Role of energy efficiency to reduce overall demand.

Relevant Objectives:

• Increase in renewable electricity generation as means of reducing carbon emissions.
• Increase the numbers of householders and communities securing grant funding for small-scale renewable energy projects in Scotland.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Scotland - 18% electricity from renewable sources by 2010, and 40% by 2020.

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: Statements of Scottish Executive policy on nationally important land use and other planning matters, supported were appropriate by a locational framework. May, so far as relevant, be material considerations to be taken into account in development plan preparation and development control.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Sets national policy on renewable energy developments, with specific information on micro-renewables. Although targeted more towards commercial projects, the policy states that micro-scale renewables should also be considered against the broad principles of NPPG6.

Relevant Objectives:

The role of the planning system includes :

• ensuring that development control decisions are taken efficiently, consistent with national and international climate change policy commitments and obligations; and
• preventing the unnecessary sterilisation of renewable energy resources

while at the same time:

• meeting the international and national statutory obligations to protect designated areas, species and habitats of natural heritage interest and the historic environment from inappropriate forms of development; and
• minimising the effects on local communities.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• None identified

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Recognises that small schemes will provide a limited but valuable contribution to renewables output and to energy requirements both locally and nationally, and should not be rejected simply because the level of output is small.

Constraints/challenges:

• relevant environmental factors which lead Councils or the Scottish Ministers to conclude that the scale of development eg size of buildings or the location or number of components, should be modified in some way to overcome specific legitimate concerns.

Other Information and References:

• PAN 45

Legislation and Main Requirements: Consultation on revised national planning policy for renewable energy.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: The Scottish Ministers will continue to support the full range of renewable generation technologies, including micro-renewables, to enable Scotland to realise its considerable renewable energy potential.

Relevant Objectives:

The Scottish Ministers are also keen to see a major increase in the small-scale production of heat and electricity from renewable sources. While much of the forecasted activity in this sector may take place at a domestic level (through micro wind turbines, woodchip boilers, heat pumps and solar heating), there is also significant potential for small to medium scale biomass heating plants for businesses, public buildings and community/housing schemes.

• Supporting a diverse range of renewable energy technologies including encouraging the development of growing and new technologies
• recognising the importance of fully engaging with local communities at all stages of the planning process;
• guiding development to appropriate sites; and
• ensuring that environmental, economic and social benefits are fully exploited;

while at the same time:

• meeting international and national statutory obligations to protect designated areas, species and habitats of natural heritage interest and the historic environment from inappropriate forms of development; and
• minimising impacts on local natural heritage, communities, tourism, recreation and aviation interests.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• 18% of electricity generated in Scotland coming from renewable sources by 2010
• 40% (since quantified as 6 GW) of Scotland's electricity from renewable sources by 2020

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• development plan policy to recognise the importance of micro-renewables. For new developments, policies should recognise the importance of ensuring that developers fully consider options for microrenewable technologies as part of a range of energy efficiency measures to be included in new residential, commercial or industrial developments. Development plan policies should ensure that any requirement to generate onsite renewable energy to reduce predicted annual CO2 emissions - whether electricity or in, for example, the form of local heat - is applied to developments where the installation of renewable energy generation equipment is viable given the type of development proposed, its location, and design.
• There is potential, particularly in rural areas, for communities to invest in ownership of renewable energy projects or to develop their own local projects. Small scale wind farms, such as those proposed by local communities, may be able to supply electricity to the local distribution network and therefore avoid the need to use grid capacity on the transmission network.

Constraints/challenges:

• Planning authorities should put in place policies which encourage and support communities in developing such initiatives.

Other Information and References:

• SCHRI

Legislation and Main Requirements:

Relevance to EEM Strategy: National level advice and guidance on renewable energy developments, with specific information on micro-renewables

Relevant Objectives: None

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• None identified

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• Average domestic solar hot water system can reduce CO2 emissions by 0.25-0.5 tonne per year, depending on the fuel replaced, and provide almost all of a home's hot water during the summer months

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Community renewables schemes
• Financial incentives for communities and householders

Constraints/challenges:

• Grid capacity/connection
• Environmental impacts of microgeneration, especially visual impacts
• Cost implications

Other Information and References:

• NPPG 6

Legislation and Main Requirements:SNH policy on interaction between energy and the natural heritage.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Specific sections on SNH policy for energy efficiency and microrenewables

Relevant Objectives:

Energy policy should seek to comply with the principle of "living within environmental limits", and embrave the need to:

• Use resources wisely and efficiently, and within environmental limits;
• Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases;
• Minimise the more local impacts which are determined by the scale and location of developments associated with the supply, distribution and use of energy; and
• Use best scientific knowledge, both in the technologies for energy use and generation and in assessing their impact on the natural heritage.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• Support for aim of 60% carbon emissions reductions by 2050

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• Scope for "green jobs" in energy efficiency market

Constraints/challenges:

• None identified

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: National level strategy for transport.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Changing individual behaviour to reduce energy consumption.

Relevant Objectives:

• Protect our environment and improve health by building and investing in public transport and other types of efficient and sustainable transport which minimise emissions and consumption of resources and energy.

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• None identified

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• None identified

Opportunities/Synergies:

• None identified

Constraints/challenges:

• Changing behaviour - reliance on the private car

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: An Act to make provision about the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases, the alleviation of fuel poverty, the promotion of microgeneration and the use of heat produced from renewable sources, compliance with building regulations relating to emissions of greenhouse gases and the use of fuel and power, the renewables obligation relating to the generation and supply of electricity and the adjustment of transmission charges for electricity; and for connected purposes.

Relevance to EEM Strategy:

SoS to publish Energy Measures Report annually identifying key measures to local authorities for:

• improving efficiency in the use of electricity, heat, gas, fuel and other descriptions or sources of energy;
• increasing the amount of electricity generated, or heat produced, by microgeneration or otherwise by plant which relies wholly or mainly on low-emissions sources or technologies;
• reducing emissions of greenhouse gases;
• reducing the number of households in which one or more persons are living in fuel poverty.

SoS to publish national microgeneration target, in the form of the number of electricity microgenerating systems (installed in Scotland).

Relevant Objectives: one

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): one

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• NA

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• NA

Opportunities/Synergies:

• NA

Constraints/challenges:

• NA

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: to make provision for…the development, regulation and encouragement of the use of renewable energy sources…

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Requires SoS to publish and implement a microgeneration strategy

Relevant Objectives: Nne

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• NA

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• NA

Opportunities/Synergies:

• NA

Constraints/challenges:

• NA

Other Information and References: None

Legislation and Main Requirements: to make provision for the drawing up of local energy conservation reports in relation to residential accommodation; to give the Secretary of State functions in connection therewith; and for related purposes.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: requires local authorities to set out a report of energy conservation measures considered practicable, cost-effective and likely to result in significant improvement in the energy efficiency of residential accommodation in its area.

Relevant Objectives: None

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• NA

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• NA

Opportunities/Synergies:

• NA

Constraints/challenges:

• NA

Other Information and References: None

Name and Date of Plan: Housing (Scotland) Act 2001

Legislation and Main Requirements: to make provision about housing, including…grants for improvement and repairs.

Relevance to EEM Strategy: Provides for grant applications for improvements works relating to energy efficiency.

Relevant Objectives: None

Relevant Baseline Data (summary): None

Key Energy and CO₂ Targets:

• NA

Key Measures and Effectiveness in Reducing Energy/ CO₂ emissions:

• NA

Opportunities/Synergies:

• NA

Constraints/challenges:

• NA

Other Information and References: None