Appendix Two Models: Full Tables
Table 1: Predicting the likelihood of pupils currently having a part-time job vs never having had a part-time job (logistic regression)
| B | SE | Sig |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
|---|
S5 | 0.90 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | 2.00 | .015 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | 0.31 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.29 |
|---|
1-3 | -0.03 | 0.09 | 0.74 |
|---|
None | -0.03 | 0.11 | 0.81 |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) |
|---|
Pakistani | 1.38 | 0.48 | 0.00 |
|---|
Female * Pakistani | -2.82 | 0.70 | 0.00 |
|---|
Father's soc class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Intermediate | -0.01 | 0.09 | 0.91 |
|---|
Working class | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.55 |
|---|
Other | -0.26 | 0.15 | 0.017 |
|---|
Missing | -0.38 | 0.15 | 0.01 |
|---|
Father's current activity (ref FT work) |
|---|
PT work | -0.01 | 0.15 | 0.92 |
|---|
Unemployed | -0.28 | 0.22 | 0.20 |
|---|
Student | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.26 |
|---|
Retired | -0.53 | 0.29 | 0.07 |
|---|
Family/home | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.32 |
|---|
Unable to work | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.33 |
|---|
Something else | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
|---|
Dead | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.96 |
|---|
Don't know | -0.33 | 0.17 | 0.05 |
|---|
Stay with term (ref mother and father) |
|---|
Step-parent | 0.24 | 0.9 | 0.00 |
|---|
Location (ref large urban) |
|---|
Other urban | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
|---|
Rural | 0.83 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Day here and there | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
Days at a time | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.02 |
|---|
Weeks at a time | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
|---|
School doing little to prepare for life after (ref strongly agree) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.42 |
|---|
Day here and there | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.56 |
|---|
Days at a time | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
|---|
Homework (ref 13+ hours per week) |
|---|
9-12 | 0.37 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
5-8 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
|---|
0-4 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
Enterprising attitudes (ref high) |
|---|
Quite high | -0.13 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
|---|
Quite low | -0.10 | 0.08 | 0.19 |
|---|
Low | -0.23 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
|---|
Constant | | | |
|---|
Work experience (ref yes) |
|---|
Never | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.29 |
|---|
Work related EinE (ref a lot) |
|---|
Some | -0.38 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
Little | -0.55 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
None | -0.71 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
|---|
Careers EinE (ref a lot) |
|---|
Some | -0.17 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
|---|
Little | -0.31 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
None | -0.32 | 0.20 | 0.11 |
|---|
Sports (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
|---|
3-5 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0.79 |
|---|
6+ | -0.21 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
|---|
Disco, cinema etc (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.27 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
|---|
6+ | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.03 |
|---|
See friends (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.05 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
6+ | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Watch TV (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | -0.25 | 0.25 | 0.31 |
|---|
3-5 | -0.57 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
|---|
6+ | -0.68 | 0.24 | 0.01 |
|---|
Housework (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | -0.24 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
3-5 | -0.27 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
6+ | -0.05 | 0.09 | 0.61 |
|---|
Care duties (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
6+ | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
Career focus (ref def idea for long time) |
|---|
Definite idea | -0.07 | 0.09 | 0.45 |
|---|
Got ideas but not decided yet | -0.24 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Ideas changing | -0.41 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
|---|
No idea | -0.63 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) |
|---|
FE | -0.09 | 0.08 | 0.28 |
|---|
Job/training | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
|---|
Own business | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.41 |
|---|
Gap year | 0.39 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
Something else | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.09 |
|---|
Don't know | -0.07 | 0.10 | 0.53 |
|---|
Constant | -0.83 | 0.33 | 0.01 |
|---|
Table 2: Current workers - Predicting number of hours worked each week (linear regression)
| Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients (effect size) | T | sig |
|---|
B | SE | Beta |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 1.11 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 3.02 | 0.00 |
|---|
S5 | 2.06 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 4.87 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | 3.35 | 0.47 | 0.17 | 7.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | -0.78 | 0.28 | -0.05 | -2.78 | 0.01 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | 0.72 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 2.56 | 0.01 |
|---|
1-3 | 0.96 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 2.78 | 0.01 |
|---|
None | 0.66 | 0.46 | 0.02 | 1.45 | 0.15 |
|---|
Type of job (ref delivery work) |
|---|
Babysitting | 3.33 | 0.58 | 0.10 | 5.77 | 0.00 |
|---|
Care work | 5.98 | 1.22 | 0.08 | 4.91 | 0.00 |
|---|
Hotel | 6.70 | 0.56 | 0.21 | 11.89 | 0.00 |
|---|
Café | 5.29 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 12.00 | 0.00 |
|---|
Fast food | 8.41 | 0.59 | 0.25 | 14.38 | 0.00 |
|---|
Supermarket | 6.84 | 0.61 | 0.20 | 11.24 | 0.00 |
|---|
Chain store | 4.36 | 0.59 | 0.14 | 7.36 | 0.00 |
|---|
Other shop | 4.53 | 0.49 | 0.18 | 9.31 | 0.00 |
|---|
Door to door sales | 1.52 | 0.78 | 0.03 | 1.95 | 0.05 |
|---|
Hairdressing | 3.36 | 0.81 | 0.07 | 4.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Office work | 3.39 | 0.86 | 0.06 | 3.95 | 0.00 |
|---|
Farm work | 9.91 | 0.82 | 0.20 | 12.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Manual trades | 4.77 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 5.67 | 0.00 |
|---|
Cleaning | 2.22 | 0.80 | 0.04 | 2.78 | 0.01 |
|---|
Other | 2.87 | 0.53 | 0.09 | 5.38 | 0.00 |
|---|
Who employed by (ref other employer) |
|---|
Employed by family | 0.79 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 2.20 | 0.03 |
|---|
Own business | 0.79 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 2.20 | 0.03 |
|---|
Father's soc class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Working class | 0.63 | 0.25 | 0.04 | 2.50 | 0.01 |
|---|
Missing | 2.38 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 4.23 | 0.00 |
|---|
Mother's soc class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Working class | -0.07 | 0.27 | 0.00 | -0.26 | 0.79 |
|---|
Unclassified | 0.66 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 1.61 | 0.11 |
|---|
Missing | -0.70 | 0.81 | -0.01 | -0.87 | 0.39 |
|---|
Father's current activity (ref FT work) |
|---|
Don't know | -2.19 | 0.73 | -0.05 | -3.00 | 0.00 |
|---|
Mother's current activity (ref FT work) |
|---|
Student | -1.21 | 0.97 | -0.02 | -1.26 | 0.21 |
|---|
Family/home | -0.48 | 0.52 | -0.02 | -0.93 | 0.35 |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) | | | | | |
|---|
Other white | 3.09 | 0.93 | 0.05 | 3.33 | 0.00 |
|---|
Pakistani | 3.09 | 1.54 | 0.03 | 2.01 | 0.05 |
|---|
Mixed | 0.74 | 1.71 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.66 |
|---|
Female * Pakistani | -1.48 | 3.10 | -0.01 | -0.48 | 0.63 |
|---|
Female * Mixed | -0.86 | 2.38 | -0.01 | -0.36 | 0.72 |
|---|
Stay with term (ref mother and father) |
|---|
Foster/children's home | 3.53 | 2.18 | 0.02 | 1.61 | 0.11 |
|---|
Other relative | 2.75 | 1.17 | 0.04 | 2.35 | 0.02 |
|---|
Location (ref large urban) |
|---|
Other urban | -0.01 | 0.27 | 0.00 | -0.02 | 0.98 |
|---|
Rural | 0.55 | 0.32 | 0.03 | 1.71 | 0.09 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | 0.93 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 2.95 | 0.00 |
|---|
Day here and there | 1.28 | 0.36 | 0.06 | 3.60 | 0.00 |
|---|
Days at a time | 2.50 | 0.62 | 0.06 | 4.01 | 0.00 |
|---|
Weeks at a time | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.01 | 0.41 | 0.68 |
|---|
Enterprising attitudes (zscore, ref=mean) | 0.52 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 3.71 | 0.00 |
|---|
School doing little to prepare for life after (ref strongly agree) | 0.44 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 2.96 | 0.00 |
|---|
Work related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 1.28 | 0.20 |
|---|
Voluntary work (ref no) |
|---|
Yes | -1.31 | 0.37 | -0.05 | -3.50 | 0.00 |
|---|
Unpaid work (ref none) |
|---|
Yes | 0.68 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 1.63 | 0.10 |
|---|
Housework (Zscore, ref=mean) | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 1.36 | 0.18 |
|---|
Care duties (Zscore, ref=mean) | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.87 |
|---|
Career focus ( def idea for long time) (Zscore, ref=mean) | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 2.33 | 0.02 |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) |
|---|
FE | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 2.45 | 0.02 |
|---|
Job/training | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.03 | 1.76 | 0.08 |
|---|
Own business | 1.48 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 3.68 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gap year | 0.08 | 1.30 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.95 |
|---|
Something else | -0.45 | 0.50 | -0.01 | -0.89 | 0.38 |
|---|
Don't know | 2.12 | 0.81 | 0.04 | 2.61 | 0.01 |
|---|
Constant | 1.70 | 0.57 | | 3.02 | 0.00 |
|---|
Table 3: Current workers: predicting job in delivery vs all other types jobs (logistic regression)
| B | SE | Sig |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | -0.42 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
S5 | -1.69 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | -3.33 | 0.28 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | -2.08 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | -0.23 | 0.13 | 0.07 |
|---|
1-3 | -0.33 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
|---|
None | -0.18 | 0.18 | 0.32 |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) |
|---|
Asian | -1.45 | 0.68 | 0.03 |
|---|
Pakistani | -1.75 | 0.67 | 0.01 |
|---|
Mixed | -1.57 | 0.58 | 0.01 |
|---|
Father's social class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Intermediate | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
|---|
Working class | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.31 |
|---|
Other | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.16 |
|---|
Missing | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0.03 |
|---|
Mother's current activity (ref FT work) |
|---|
PT work | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.01 |
|---|
Unemployed | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.32 |
|---|
Pupil | -0.28 | 0.40 | 0.49 |
|---|
Retired | -0.81 | 0.91 | 0.38 |
|---|
Family/home | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
|---|
Unable to work | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.21 |
|---|
Something else | -0.04 | 0.47 | 0.93 |
|---|
Dead | -0.42 | 0.63 | 0.50 |
|---|
Don't know | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.20 |
|---|
Location (ref large urban) |
|---|
Other urban | -0.45 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
Rural | -1.66 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | -0.33 | 0.16 | 0.04 |
|---|
Day here and there | -0.50 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
|---|
Days at a time | -0.67 | 0.22 | 0.00 |
|---|
Weeks at a time | -0.15 | 0.22 | 0.50 |
|---|
Homework (ref 13+ hours per week) |
|---|
9-12 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.34 |
|---|
5-8 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.04 |
|---|
0-4 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
|---|
Enterprising (ref a lot) |
|---|
Quite a lot | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
|---|
A bit | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.24 |
|---|
Very little | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Work related EinE (ref a lot) |
|---|
Some | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.31 |
|---|
Little | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.53 |
|---|
None | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.04 |
|---|
Unpaid work (ref no unpaid) |
|---|
Yes | -0.64 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
|---|
Sports (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
6+ | 0.61 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Housework (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | -0.37 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
|---|
3-5 | -0.27 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
|---|
6+ | -0.51 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Care duties (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.45 | 0.21 | 0.03 |
|---|
6+ | 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.12 |
|---|
Career focus (ref def idea for long time) |
|---|
Definite idea | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.67 |
|---|
Got ideas but not decided yet | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
|---|
Ideas changing | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.25 |
|---|
No idea | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.20 |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) |
|---|
FE | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.61 |
|---|
Job/training | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.17 |
|---|
Own business | -0.56 | 0.44 | 0.21 |
|---|
Gap year | -0.26 | 0.24 | 0.28 |
|---|
Something else | -0.04 | 0.29 | 0.89 |
|---|
Don't know | -0.12 | 0.19 | 0.54 |
|---|
Constant | -0.70 | 0.39 | 0.07 |
|---|
Table 4: Current workers: predicting job in catering vs all other types jobs (logistic regression)
| B | SE | Sig |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
S5 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | 0.63 | 0.07 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
|---|
1-3 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
None | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) |
|---|
othbrit(1) | 0.40 | 0.21 | 0.05 |
|---|
othwhite | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.08 |
|---|
asian(1) | 1.53 | 0.34 | 0.00 |
|---|
mixed | 0.71 | 0.30 | 0.02 |
|---|
fembrit(1) | -0.12 | 0.27 | 0.65 |
|---|
Mother's current activity (ref FT work) |
|---|
PT work | -0.20 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
|---|
Unemployed | -0.41 | 0.28 | 0.14 |
|---|
Student | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.43 |
|---|
Retired | -0.69 | 0.64 | 0.28 |
|---|
Family/home | -0.26 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
|---|
Unable to work | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.97 |
|---|
Something else | -0.41 | 0.27 | 0.13 |
|---|
Dead | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.12 |
|---|
Don't know | -1.19 | 0.39 | 0.00 |
|---|
Stay with term (ref mother and father) |
|---|
Parent and step-parent | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
|---|
Single parent | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.85 |
|---|
Looked after | -0.17 | 0.71 | 0.82 |
|---|
Other relative | -0.17 | 0.35 | 0.63 |
|---|
Boarding school | 0.61 | 0.94 | 0.51 |
|---|
Other | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
|---|
Location (ref large urban) |
|---|
Other urban | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Rural | 0.91 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.89 |
|---|
Day here and there | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
|---|
Days at a time | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.78 |
|---|
Weeks at a time | -0.03 | 0.21 | 0.89 |
|---|
Friends take school seriously (ref very) |
|---|
Some | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
A little | 0.38 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
Not at all | 0.00 | 0.17 | 1.00 |
|---|
Homework (ref 13+ hours per week) |
|---|
9-12 | 0.39 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
5-8 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
|---|
0-4 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
|---|
Enterprising attitudes (ref high) |
|---|
Quite high | -0.08 | 0.08 | 0.34 |
|---|
Quite low | -0.04 | 0.08 | 0.64 |
|---|
low | -0.15 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
|---|
Work experience (ref yes) |
|---|
Never | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
|---|
Careers EinE (ref a lot) |
|---|
Some | -0.13 | 0.08 | 0.12 |
|---|
Little | -0.02 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
|---|
None | -0.12 | 0.29 | 0.68 |
|---|
See friends (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.53 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.20 |
|---|
6+ | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.32 |
|---|
Housework (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.17 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
|---|
6+ | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.22 |
|---|
Constant | -2.92 | 0.26 | 0.05 |
|---|
Table 5: Current workers: predicting job in retail vs all other types jobs (logistic regression)
| B | SE | Sig |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.69 |
|---|
S5 | 1.30 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | 1.85 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
|---|
1-3 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.38 |
|---|
None | -0.15 | 0.16 | 0.33 |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) |
|---|
Pakistani(1) | 2.13 | 0.32 | 0.00 |
|---|
Work experience (ref yes) |
|---|
Never | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
|---|
Sports (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | -0.08 | 0.08 | 0.33 |
|---|
3-5 | -0.20 | 0.10 | 0.04 |
|---|
6+ | -0.64 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
Career focus (ref def idea for long time) |
|---|
Definite idea | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.26 |
|---|
Got ideas but not decided yet | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.34 |
|---|
Ideas changing | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.19 |
|---|
No idea | -0.08 | 0.17 | 0.63 |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) | -0.10 | 0.10 | 0.32 |
|---|
FE | -0.12 | 0.13 | 0.34 |
|---|
Job/training | -0.47 | 0.47 | 0.31 |
|---|
Own business | -0.12 | 0.14 | 0.37 |
|---|
Gap year | -0.17 | 0.28 | 0.54 |
|---|
Something else | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.45 |
|---|
Don't know | -0.12 | 0.13 | 0.34 |
|---|
Constant | -2.33 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
|---|
Table 6: Current workers: predicting job in miscellaneous category vs all other types jobs (logistic regression)
Miscellaneous jobs: final model | B | SE | Sig |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.84 |
|---|
S5 | -0.53 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | -0.87 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.65 |
|---|
1-3 | -0.15 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
|---|
None | -0.05 | 0.12 | 0.65 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.97 |
|---|
Day here and there | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.85 |
|---|
Days at a time | 0.37 | 0.18 | 0.04 |
|---|
Weeks at a time | -0.07 | 0.22 | 0.75 |
|---|
Friends take school seriously (ref very) |
|---|
Some | -0.25 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
|---|
A little | -0.28 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
|---|
Not at all | -0.07 | 0.18 | 0.69 |
|---|
Enterprising attitudes (ref high) |
|---|
Quite high | -0.18 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
|---|
Quite low | -0.16 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
|---|
Low | -0.11 | 0.10 | 0.29 |
|---|
Work experience (ref yes) |
|---|
Never | -0.24 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
|---|
Work related EinE (ref a lot) |
|---|
Some | -0.28 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
|---|
Little | -0.09 | 0.11 | 0.39 |
|---|
None | -0.13 | 0.11 | 0.25 |
|---|
Careers EinE (ref a lot) |
|---|
Some | -0.05 | 0.31 | 0.88 |
|---|
Little | -0.03 | 0.13 | 0.81 |
|---|
None | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.48 |
|---|
Unpaid work (ref no unpaid) |
|---|
Yes | 0.41 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
|---|
Voluntary work (ref no) |
|---|
Yes | -0.26 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
|---|
Disco, cinema etc (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | -0.17 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.71 |
|---|
6+ | -0.36 | 0.16 | 0.03 |
|---|
See friends (ref nil) |
|---|
1-2 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
|---|
3-5 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.20 |
|---|
6+ | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.21 |
|---|
Career focus (ref def idea for long time) |
|---|
Definite idea | -0.14 | 0.11 | 0.19 |
|---|
Got ideas but not decided yet | -0.24 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
|---|
Ideas changing | -0.45 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
|---|
No idea | -0.10 | 0.19 | 0.58 |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) |
|---|
FE | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.97 |
|---|
Job/training | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.22 |
|---|
Own business | 1.03 | 0.40 | 0.01 |
|---|
Gap year | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.56 |
|---|
Something else | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.34 |
|---|
Don't know | -0.20 | 0.16 | 0.21 |
|---|
Constant | -0.03 | 0.30 | 0.91 |
|---|
Table 7: Current workers: predicting how demanding their job will be (linear regression)
| Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients (effect size) | Sig |
|---|
B | Std. Error | Beta |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
S5 | 0.86 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
|---|
S6 | 1.12 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | 0.36 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | ns | | | |
|---|
1-3 | ns | | | |
|---|
None | ns | | | |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) |
|---|
Asian | ns | | | |
|---|
Pakistani | 2.86 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.00 |
|---|
Black | 1.45 | 0.79 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
|---|
Gypsy/traveller | 2.67 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Other | 3.13 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.00 |
|---|
Female * Asian | -1.37 | 0.77 | -0.03 | 0.08 |
|---|
Female * Pakistani | -3.40 | 0.89 | -0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Female * Black | ns | | | |
|---|
Type of job (ref delivery work) |
|---|
Babysitting | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
|---|
Care work | 2.76 | 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Hotel | 2.86 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
|---|
Café | 3.63 | 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.00 |
|---|
Fast food | 5.13 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.00 |
|---|
Supermarket | 4.74 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.00 |
|---|
Chain store | 4.81 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
|---|
Other shop | 4.46 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.00 |
|---|
Door to door sales | 3.63 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
|---|
Hairdressing | 3.90 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Office work | 3.95 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
|---|
Farm work | 2.85 | 0.29 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
Manual trades | 3.25 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
|---|
Cleaning | 0.83 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
|---|
Who employed by (ref other employer) |
|---|
Employed by family | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
|---|
Own business | 1.42 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Father's social class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Intermediate | -0.23 | 0.13 | -0.02 | 0.07 |
|---|
Disability (ref none) |
|---|
yes | ns | | | |
|---|
Stay with during term (ref mother and father) |
|---|
Foster/children's home | -2.02 | 0.73 | -0.03 | 0.01 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) |
|---|
Lesson here and there | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
|---|
Day here and there | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
|---|
Days at a time | ns | | | |
|---|
Weeks at a time | ns | | | |
|---|
School gives me confidence to make decisions (ref strongly agree) | -0.20 | 0.07 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
School is a waste of time (ref strongly agree) | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
|---|
School doing little to prepare for life after (ref strongly agree) | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Enterprising attitudes (zscore, ref=mean) | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
Career related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
|---|
Enterprise related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
|---|
Work related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
|---|
Unpaid work (ref none) |
|---|
Yes | 0.72 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Housework (Zscore, ref=mean) | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Care duties (Zscore, ref=mean) | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Disco, cinema etc in the last two weeks (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.26 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
|---|
See friends in the last two weeks (normalised, ref=mean) | ns | | | |
|---|
Watch TV in the last two weeks (normalised, ref= mean) | -0.32 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.00 |
|---|
Career focus (ref def idea for long time) (Zscore, ref= mean) | ns | | | |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) |
|---|
FE | ns | | | |
|---|
Job/training | ns | | | |
|---|
Own business | 1.35 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Gap year | ns | | | |
|---|
Something else | -0.58 | 0.29 | -0.02 | 0.05 |
|---|
Don't know | 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
|---|
Constant | 9.70 | 0.39 | | 0.00 |
|---|
'other' job; or major/non major employer are omitted from the model by SPSS
Table 8: Predicting the level of pupils' enterprising attitudes (linear regression)
| Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients (effect size) | Sig |
|---|
B | Std. Error | Beta |
|---|
School stage (ref S3) |
|---|
S4 | 1.05 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
S5 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
|---|
S6 | ns | | | |
|---|
Gender (ref male) |
|---|
Female | -0.72 | 0.09 | -0.07 | 0.00 |
|---|
Num credit SG studied for/gained (ref 8+) |
|---|
4-7 | -0.24 | 0.09 | -0.02 | 0.01 |
|---|
1-3 | -0.64 | 0.12 | -0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
None | -1.32 | 0.15 | -0.07 | 0.00 |
|---|
Ethnicity (ref Scottish) |
|---|
Asian | -1.17 | 0.31 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Father's social class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Working class | -0.28 | 0.09 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Other | -0.26 | 0.13 | -0.02 | 0.04 |
|---|
Mother's social class (ref mgt + prof) |
|---|
Working class | -0.35 | 0.10 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Other | -0.33 | 0.10 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Mother's current activity (ref f-t job) |
|---|
Unable to work | 0.49 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
|---|
Don't know | -1.13 | 0.30 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Parental self employment (ref no) |
|---|
Parent is self-employed | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
|---|
Stay with during term (ref mother and father) |
|---|
Foster/children's home | -1.22 | 0.66 | -0.01 | 0.07 |
|---|
Boarding school | -1.51 | 0.33 | -0.04 | 0.00 |
|---|
Truant (ref never) | | | | |
|---|
Lesson here and there | -0.32 | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.01 |
|---|
Day here and there | ns | | | |
|---|
Days at a time | -0.41 | 0.18 | -0.02 | 0.02 |
|---|
Weeks at a time | -0.38 | 0.20 | -0.02 | 0.06 |
|---|
School gives me confidence to make decisions (ref strongly agree) |
|---|
Agree | 1.13 | 0.06 | -0.14 | 0.00 |
|---|
School work is worth doing (ref strongly agree) |
|---|
Agree | 0.74 | 0.07 | -0.09 | 0.00 |
|---|
Friends take school seriously (ref strongly agree) |
|---|
Agree | 0.27 | 0.06 | -0.04 | 0.00 |
|---|
PT work status (ref never) | | | | |
|---|
Current job | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Former job | ns | | | |
|---|
Work related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
|---|
Enterprise related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
|---|
Careers related EinE (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.34 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
|---|
Unpaid work (ref none) |
|---|
Yes | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
|---|
Housework (Zscore, ref=mean) | 0.33 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Disco, cinema etc in the last two weeks (normalised, ref=mean) | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
|---|
See friends in the last two weeks (normalised, ref= mean) | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Watch TV in the last two weeks (normalised, ref= mean) | -0.24 | 0.06 | -0.03 | 0.00 |
|---|
Use computer in the last two weeks (normalised, ref= mean) | -0.10 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0.04 |
|---|
Career focus (ref def idea for long time) (Zscore, ref= mean) | 0.58 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
|---|
Post-school plans (ref HE) |
|---|
FE | -0.85 | 0.11 | -0.07 | 0.00 |
|---|
Job/training | -0.82 | 0.14 | -0.05 | 0.00 |
|---|
Own business | ns | | | |
|---|
Gap year | ns | | | |
|---|
Something else | ns | | | |
|---|
Don't know | -1.53 | 0.15 | -0.08 | 0.00 |
|---|
Constant | 33.98 | 0.20 | | 0.00 |
|---|