water
Nitrate Concentrations in Rivers6: 1993-2005
Percentage of sites 7 within each band
Band | 1993 | 1995 | 2000 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
|---|
= 7.5 mg N/l | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
|---|
2.5 to <7.5 mg N/l | 14.1 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 14.6 | 16.7 | 14.1 | 14.5 |
|---|
0.75 to <2.5 mg N/l | 33.3 | 35.4 | 32.3 | 34.4 | 31.8 | 31.3 | 31.8 |
|---|
0.3 to <0.75 mg N/l | 13.5 | 13.0 | 16.7 | 12.5 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 13.1 |
|---|
<0.3 mg N/l | 33.3 | 31.8 | 31.3 | 33.9 | 34.9 | 37.0 | 36.9 |
|---|
The enrichment of waters by nutrients, such as nitrates and phosphates, may lead to damage to the aquatic environment through the accelerated growth of algae and other plant life. The rapid growth and subsequent decay of plant organisms depletes oxygen levels, and this can have harmful effects upon fish and other aquatic life. This process is termed eutrophication.
High nitrate levels have a greater impact on marine and coastal waters than freshwater; a substantial part of the nitrates in freshwater will eventually reach the sea. The main source of nitrates in freshwater is agriculture.
Concentrations of nitrate below 0.3 mg N/l are considered to be natural or background levels; 8 over one-third of the sites met this classification in 2005. Between 1993 and 2004 the percentage of sites with average nitrate concentrations =2.5 mg N/l rose to a peak of 25.5% in 1997. In 2005 this percentage was 18.2%.
Regulations have been made designating 14% of the area of Scotland 9 as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones ( NVZs). 10 In NVZs mandatory rules on farming practices aim to reduce nitrate water pollution from agricultural sources.
SOURCE: SCOTTISH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY