Violence against Women: A literature review commissioned by the National Group to Address Violence Against Women
Footnotes
1 A timeline giving key dates is provided in Appendix 1.
2 With the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1985.
3 See Appendix 1.
4 Scottish Needs Assessment Programme
5 References to the 'Hidden Figures' report by Shirley Henderson, published by City of Edinburgh Council in 1997, are given in this format to distinguish them from references to the report by Sheila Henderson, also published in 1997, on Service Provision to Women Experiencing Domestic Violence Against Women in Scotland, published by the Scottish office Central Research Unit.
6 Walby and Myhill, 2001:507
7 The study involves women who are African, African-Carribean, Irish, Jewish and South Asian. Ruling out the term 'minority ethnic' on the grounds that it has come to be associated only with people of colour, the authors note "...we use the term minoritisation as an inclusive term which not only highlights relationships across structures of racialisation, but also reflects how these processes are based on unequal power relations" (Batsleer et al, 2002:42).
8 Of the 130 respondents, 75% were women.
9 A Canadian national crime survey.
10 Status of Women Canada is a department of the Canadian government responsible for…
11 Federal/Provincial/Territorial
12 Publication was scheduled for Autumn 2003.
13 Lost economic output costed at £370,000; use of victim's services by the family - £4,700; use of health services - £630; criminal justice costs - £22,000; value for human impact, emotional suffering and grief - £700,000. The interim report does not provide detailed information about how these figures are arrived at.
14 Religious groups are commonly associated with support services for survivors of violence in the U.S.
15 The Home Office has commissioned Prof. Liz Kelly of the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit at Metropolitan University to undertake an evaluation of Sexual Assault Referral Centres in England. Publication of the report is expected later in 2004.
16 Partly as a result of a well publicised case in July 2001, in which complaints of sexual abuse were made against six men from Ayrshire by two children. An 11 year old girl gave evidence for 10 days and was cross examined by all six defence advocates. The trial ended when the second child, a six year old boy, was deemed too distressed to continue.
17 Vulnerable Witnesses (Scotland) Act 2004.
18 The inspection took place in 1996.
19 i.e. those who had not received a Level 1 intervention either because they had offended prior to the project's start date, or the nature of the assault suggested intervention at Level 2 as more appropriate.
20 For similar reasons to those indicated above.
21 The authors suggest that arresting the man does not make it more likely that he will re-offend, rather that those men most likely to be arrested (because of the seriousness of the offence) were also those most likely to re-offend.
22 From the title of a report by Moira Andrew and Rory Macrae of the Domestic Violence Probation Project, Edinburgh.
23 A European funding source for partnership initiatives to tackle violence against women.
24 Domestic Abuse Service Development Fund, set up by Scottish Executive.
25 A 40% increase in reports to the police over a 30 month period; an increase from 16% to 27% in arrest rates, and an increase from 24% to 61% in guilty pleas (Humphreys and Holder, 2002).
26 Established by the National Group to Address Violence Against Women to review the 1991 CoSLA recommendation of 1 refuge space per 7,500 of the population, this short life working group initiated an audit of current refuge provision which involved a qualitative review of Women's Aid refuge provision, as well as a statistical analysis of the demand for refuge space.
27 So called because people coming to the U.K. to marry a U.K. based partner are ineligible to apply for permanent leave to remain until they have been married for 12 months. They are therefore dependent on their U.K. based spouse, with no access to welfare benefits or any other form of State assistance. For women abused by their partners, there was therefore no recourse to the usual avenues of escape (Joshi, 2003).
28 The evaluation report is unclear about whether feedback from the men was included in the overall analysis of the questionnaire responses.
29 From Multi-agency Partnership reports to the Scottish Executive Violence Against Women Unit, 2003. The five partnerships which indicate some degree of user involvement, focus group activity or other consultation with women survivors are Doorway (South Lanarkshire), East Ayrshire, Glasgow, Renfrewshire and West Lothian.
30 Emma Humphries was convicted of killing her abusive partner at the age of 17 and served 10 years before being released following a landmark judgement on 'provocation'. She died in 1998 of an overdose of the drugs she became dependent on in prison.
31 FREDA, in British Columbia/Yukon; RESOLVE in Manitoba/Saskatchewan/Alberta; Centre for Research on Violence Against Women and Children in Ontario; Le Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Violence Familiale et la Violence Faite aux Femmes in Quebec; and the Muriel McQueen Fergusson Family Violence Research Centre in New Brunswick.