Scottish Government

Scottish Environment Protection Agency

Evaluation of Fish Waste Management Techniques
Contract Reference 230/4198

Final Report
February 2004

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Table of Contents

Acronyms
1Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Objectives and Scope
1.3 Review of Fish Waste Production in Scotland
1.4 Past Disposal Practices for Fish Waste
1.5 Legislative and Regulatory Framework
2Description of Available Fish Waste Technologies

2.1 Freezing
2.2 Ensiling
2.3 Reduction to Fishmeal and Fish Oil
2.4 Direct Consumption
2.5 Incineration
2.6 Land Fill
2.7 Fish waste treatment in other countries
3Emerging Technologies

3.1 Composting
3.2 Modified Silage Process
3.3 Alkaline Hydrolysis
3.4 The Australian Dehydration Process
3.5 Carrier Liquid Drying
3.6 Fish Protein Hydrolysate
3.7 Other Alternative Methods
4Conclusions
Appendices
Appendices
Appendix A: Persons Consulted
Appendix B: References and Bibliography
Appendix C: Definition of Remote Areas in Scotland
Appendix D: Cost Summary Tables and Notes on Costings
Strengths, Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Tables
SWOT 1: Freezing
SWOT 2: Ensiling
SWOT 3: Reduction to Fish Meal and Fish Oil
SWOT 4: Direct Consumption (non-human)
SWOT 5: Incineration
SWOT 6: Land Fill
SWOT 7: Composting
SWOT 8: Alkaline Hydrolysis
SWOT 9: Fish Protein Hydrolysate and extracted fish oil
Tables
Table 1: Scottish Table Aquaculture Production (2001 - 2003)
Table 2: Losses from mass fish kills in Scotland 1999- 2003
Table 3: Finfish Waste Produced at Sea (2000)
Table 4: Demersal Waste Production in Scotland (2000)
Table 5: Categorisation of Aquaculture By-products
Table 6: Freezing costs (1 mt/hr capacity)
Table 7: Costings for a 2000 L Capacity Ensiling Plant
Table 8: Value Added - Land Injection of Ensiled Material
Table 9: Value-added (/mt) for Scanbio Scotland
Table 10: Value Added for Fish Meal and Fish Oil Production
Table 11: Value Added for Incineration (PDM Group Widnes)
Table 12: Landfill Associated Costs
Table 13: Value-added - Silage Processing by Hydrolysis
Table 14: Transport Costs
Table 15:Value-added in Transport
Table 16: Man Hour Requirement for Transportation
Table 17: Overall Estimated Costs to Producers
Table 18: Overall Estimated Value Added
Figures
Figure 1: Finfish Waste Production from Scottish Fisheries
Figure 2: Fate of Wastes Arising from Scottish Salmon Farming (pre-ABP Regulations)
Figure 3: Categorisation of Animal By-Product Materials
Figure 4: Global Fish Meal and Fish Oil Usage (2002 and Predicted 2010)
Figure 5: Comparative Assessment of Current and Emerging Technologies

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