Key Scottish Environment Statistics 2003
footnotes
General
1) Estimates as at 30 June each year.
2) General Register Office for Scotland (2002). Population Projections, Scotland (2001 based).
3) Government Actuary's Department. Population projections.
4) GDP estimates are based on output and are at constant 1995 prices. Excludes continental shelf. Seasonally adjusted.
5) Net amount of electricity accounted for by transmission and distribution losses, pumped storage and own use, and major power producers purchases from other generators.
6) Figures for hydro include the net electricity generated by pumped storage.
7) Includes landfill gas and wind power.
8) Department for Transport has revised its estimates of the total volume of traffic, in Scotland and in other parts of Great Britain, for 1993 and later years.
9) Scottish Executive (2003). Scottish Transport Statistics No. 22.
Public Attitudes
1) Scottish Executive (2002). Public Attitudes to the Environment in Scotland 2002. Research Findings No. 24/2002.
2) Scottish Office (1991). Public Attitudes to the Environment in Scotland. Central Research Unit.
3) World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future.
4) Respondents were asked whether they agreed that there was a need for most people in Scotland to change their way of life, and whether they themselves needed to change their way of life.
5) Scottish Executive (2002). Meeting the Needs ... Priorities, Actions and Targets for Sustainable Development in Scotland.
Global Atmosphere
1) IPCC Third Assessment: Climate Change 2001. A Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
2) UK Climate Impacts Programme (2002). Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom (UKCIP02).
3) Excluding 1930.
4) For period 2000-2002 only.
5) Jones, P. & Conway, D. (1997). Precipitation in the British Isles: An analysis of area-average data updated to 1995. J. Climatology 17:427.
6) Emissions are weighted by Global Warming Potential (GWP). GWP accounts for the potency of the gas as well as the amount emitted. For example, PFCs and SF6 are released in small quantities, but are long-lived and therefore highly potent. The estimated uncertainty in GWP for 2000 is 21%.
7) Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride.
8) The 2000 estimates are subject to uncertainties of: CO2 = 11%, methane = 19%, HFC = 25%, PFC = 19%, SF6 = 13%. For more details see Salway et al (2003).
9) Salway, A.G., Murrells, T.P., Milne, R. & Hidri, S. (2003). Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: 1990-2000. Netcen, AEA Technology.
10) Industrial processes and waste incineration.
11) Emissions from military, off-shore industry, aviation and shipping are not included in the Scottish inventory.
12) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Environmental Statistics website.
13) Stratospheric ozone should not be confused with tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
Air Quality
1) PM 10 concentrations are measured at five automatic monitoring sites: Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Grangemouth and two sites in Glasgow.
2) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Environmental Statistics website.
3) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Scottish Executive, Welsh Assembly Government & DOE Northern Ireland (2003). The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: Addendum.
4) Concentrations of nitrogen oxides are measured at eight automatic monitoring sites: Aberdeen, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Grangemouth, Inverness and three sites in Glasgow.
5) Carbon monoxide concentrations are measured at seven automatic monitoring sites: Aberdeen, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Inverness and three sites in Glasgow.
6) Ozone concentrations are measured at four sites: Eskdalemuir, Strath Vaich, Edinburgh and Glasgow.
7) Objective not currently included in the Air Quality Regulations because of the transboundary nature of ozone.
8) No 1965 figure for Edinburgh.
9) Sulphur dioxide concentrations are measured at four automatic monitoring sites: Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Grangemouth.
10) Large combustion plants have a rated thermal output of over 50 megawatts.
11) Smith, et al. (unpublished) Sulphur deposition in Scotland, in Report for the Scottish Office under EVF/1/13 CRU 95/96.
Water
1) Scottish Executive Water Services Unit (2002). Public Water Supplies in Scotland: Water Resources Survey 2001-2002.
2) The Water Quality 1000 index covers regulatory compliance with 10 key drinking water parameters _ total coliforms, faecal coliforms, colour, turbidity, pH, aluminium, iron, manganese, lead and total trihalomethanes. The index is determined by summing the percentage compliance for each parameter.
3) Scottish Executive Water Services Unit (2001). Drinking Water Quality in Scotland 2000.
4) Poor and seriously polluted categories should be unaffected by the length of river classified each year. Any changes to these figures generally reflect a change in quality. Changes to the length of rivers classified as excellent, good and fair are mainly due to the overall increase in length classified, so figures are not included.
5) Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2002). SEPA Annual Report 2001-2002.
6) Average of all harmonised monitoring site means in the SEPA area, each being given equal weight, irrespective of the number of samples taken.
7) In Aberdeen, Moray, Banff and Buchan, Strathmore, Fife, Lothians and Borders, and Lower Nithsdale.
8) Under the Designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) Regulations 2000 and EC Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) Annex 1A(3).
9) Matter other than sewage or trade effluent.
10) Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2003). Corporate Plan April 2003-March 2004.
11) In 1999, a further 37 bathing waters were added to the 23 already identified. Two of these were inland bathing waters that are subject to different parameters. They have been removed from the data presented here.
12) In 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002, the percentage compliance of the 23 original bathing waters with the mandatory standards was 87%, 83%, 78% and 96% respectively.
Radioactivity
1) Radon and gamma values are specific to Scotland. Other values are assumed to be the same as the UK average as published in NRPB's 1999 Review.
2) 'Others' includes fallout, disposals, occupational and consumer products (smoke alarms, luminous watches, etc.).
3) 1996-2001 figures are not strictly comparable with previous years, although still represent average concentrations in milk in Scotland.
4) Strontium-90 was not produced at the Chernobyl nuclear power reactor.
Waste
1) Figures for 1995 and 1996 are not available.
2) Figures may not sum to total due to rounding.
3) Scottish Environment Protection Agency (1999). National Waste Strategy: Scotland.
4) Assuming a derogation to postpone the targets for 4 years is used.
5) Scottish Office Statistical Bulletin Env/1996/5 (1996). Waste Collection, Disposal and Regulation Statistics 1994.
6) Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2002). Waste Data Digest 2002.
7) Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll & Bute, Dumfries & Galloway, East Ayrshire, Eilean Siar, Highland, Moray, Orkney, Perth & Kinross, Scottish Borders, Shetland, South Ayrshire and Stirling are classed as rural councils. The remaining councils are classed as urban.
8) Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2003). National Waste Plan.
9) Accounts Commission for Scotland (2003). Performance Indicators 2001-2002: Environmental and Regulatory Services.
10) Accounts Commission for Scotland (2003). Performance Indicators 2001-2002: Compendium.
11) The Scottish Household Survey is a continuous cross-sectional survey based on a sample of the population in private residences in Scotland.
Land
1) The 1990 and 1998 surveys are not directly comparable. The change in habitat is determined after the 1990 figures have been adjusted to account for the differences in the surveys.
2) UK Biodiversity Steering Group (1995). Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report. HMSO.
3) Haines-Young, R.H. et al. (2000). Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.
4) Scottish Natural Heritage (2002). Facts and Figures 2001-2002.
5) Figures may not sum to total due to rounding.
6) Figures from SEERAD payments to the one-year and five-year set-aside schemes and the Arable Area Payment Scheme.
7) Excludes Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles.
8) Total quantity of nutrient used (kg) to the total extent of crop area (ha).
9) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Fertiliser Manufacturers Association and Scottish Executive (2003). The British Survey of Fertiliser Practice 2001. The BSFP Authority.
10) Woodland is defined as land under stands of trees with a canopy cover of at least 20%, or having the potential to achieve this, including integral open space, and including felled areas that are awaiting restocking.
11) Forestry Commission (2002). Forestry Statistics 2002.
Wildlife
1) Figures do not sum to 100% due to rounding.
2) Department of the Environment (1994). Biodiversity: the UK Action Plan. HMSO.
3) Scottish Executive (2002). Biodiversity in Scotland: Progress Report. SE Central Research Unit.
4) Vascular plants (sometimes referred to as higher plants) have veins to transport fluids throughout the plant. These include ferns, flowering plants, shrubs and trees.
5) Haines-Young, R.H. et al. (2000). Accounting for nature: Assessing habitats in the UK countryside. DETR.
6) Musgrove, A.J., Pollitt, M.S., Hall, C., Hearn, R.D., Holloway, S.J., Marshall, P.E., Robinson, J.A. & Cranswick, P. A. (2001). The Wetland Bird Survey 1999-2000: Wildfowl and Wader Counts. BTO/WWT/RSPB/JNCC, Slimbridge.
7) Figures are from all regularly monitored sites in Scotland. They include sites on the east coast of England with approximately 6,000 seals, which are not considered ecologically separate communities. They do not include Scottish sites that are not surveyed regularly, which account for roughly 9,000 seals.
8) Special Committee on Seals: Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations 2002. Natural Environment Research Council.
9) Includes grilse (salmon which have matured, or are about to mature, after one winter at sea).
10) Fixed engine fisheries operate in coastal areas. Net & coble fisheries are generally restricted to estuaries and the lower reaches of rivers. Rod & line fisheries cover recreational angling within river systems.
11) Since 1994, numbers of fish reported as caught and released by anglers have been reported separately. Prior to this, only numbers caught and retained are available.
12) Statistical Bulletin Fisheries Series No. Fis/2002/1 (2002). Scottish Salmon and Sea Trout Catches, 2001. Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department.
13) Estimates for cod, haddock and herring are for the North Sea stock. Those for saithe are for the North Sea and west of Scotland stock.
14) International Council for the Exploration of the Seas Research Report No. 255 (2002). Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on Fishery Management.