SPECIFICATION FOR THE REINSTATEMENT OF OPENINGS IN ROADS
Appendix A8
Compaction Requirements
A8.1 Cohesive and Granular Materials
All cohesive, granular, graded granular and cement bound granular materials laid above the surround to apparatus shall be compacted in accordance with Table A8.1.
Compaction Plant and Weight Category | Cohesive Material (less than 20% granular content) | Granular Material (more than 20% granular contentincluding cement bound granular) |
Minimum Passes/Layerfor compacted layer thickness up to | Minimum Passes/Layer for compacted layer thickness up to |
100 mm | 150 mm | 200 mm | 100 mm | 150 mm | 200 mm |
Vibrotamper |
50 kg minimum | 4 | 8 # | NP | 4 | 8 | NP |
Vibrating Roller |
Single Drum |
1000-2000 kg/m | 8 | NP | NP | 6 | NP | NP |
2000-3500 kg/m | 3 | 6 | NP | 3 | 5 | 7 |
Over 3500 kg/m | 3 | 4 | 6 # | 3 | 4 | 6 |
Twin Drum |
1000-2000 kg/m | 4 | 8 | NP | 3 | 6 | NP |
Over 2000 kg/m | 2 | 3 | 5 # | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Vibrating Plate |
1400-1800 kg/sq.m | NP | NP | NP | 5 | NP | NP |
Over 1800 kg/sq.m | 3 | 6 | NP | 3 | 5 | 7 |
All Above Plant | For Maximum and Minimum compacted layer thickness
See Appendix A2.6, Table A2.2 |
Alternative Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access
(including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width) |
Vibrotamper 25 kg minimum | Minimum of 6 compaction passes
Maximum of 100 mm compacted layer thickness |
Percussive Rammer 10 kg minimum |
Notes for Table A8.1:
1) NP = Not Permitted
2) # = Not permitted on wholly cohesive material i.e. clay and/or silt with no particles > 75 micron (m m)
3) Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum
4) Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drums |
Table A8.1 - Compaction Requirements for Granular and Cohesive Materials
A8.2 Chalk Materials
All chalk materials, including medium and high density chalks shall be compacted in accordance with Table A8.2. However, if the chalk is unstable after compaction, the unstable material shall be removed and replaced with fresh material. The fresh chalk shall be compacted in accordance with Table A8.2, except that the specified number of compaction passes shall be reduced by one pass. If the chalk is still unstable after compaction, it shall be deemed to be unsuitable for use as backfill and replaced with alternative materials.
Compaction Plant And Weight Category | Chalk Material |
Minimum Passes/Layer for compacted layer thickness up to |
100 mm | 150 mm | 200 mm |
Vibrotamper
50 kg minimum | 3 | 6 | NP |
Vibrating Roller |
Single Drum |
1000-2000 kg/m | 6 | 8 | NP |
2000-3500 kg/m | NP | 4 | 6 |
Over 3500 kg/m | NP | NP | 4 |
Twin Drum |
600-1000 kg/m | 6 | 8 | NP |
1000-2000 kg/m | 2 | 4 | 6 |
Over 2000 kg/m | NP | 3 | 4 |
Vibrating Plate |
1400-1800 kg/sq.m | 6 | 8 | NP |
Over 1800 kg/sq.m | NP | 6 | 8 |
All Above Plant | For Maximum and Minimum compacted layer thickness
See Appendix A2.6, Table A2.2 |
Alternative Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access
(including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width) |
Vibrotamper 25 kg minimum | Minimum of 6 compaction passes
Maximum of 100 mm compacted layer thickness |
Percussive Rammer 10 kg minimum |
Notes for Table A8.2
1) NP = Not Permitted
2) Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum3) Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drums |
Table A8.2 - Bituminous Materials
A8.3 Bituminous Materials
All bituminous materials permitted in Appendix A2 shall be compacted to the following requirements:
1) Materials laid within any reinstatement as follows:
a) Reinstatement of 250 mm width or less;
b) Reinstatement within 250 mm of the edge of any other reinstatement; or
c) Reinstatement within 250 mm of a fixed feature within any reinstatement
Shall be compacted in accordance with Table A8.3.
2) Compaction should be discontinued if the material shows any signs of distress, regardless of whether the minimum number of passes required by Table A8.3 have been applied; see Section NG10.2.3.
3) Materials laid in all other locations shall be compacted to the in-situ air void requirements of Section S10.2.3. However, material requirements and laying conditions are unchanged and it will be necessary for compaction to be carried out to a procedure that is capable of achieving the in-situ air void content requirements.
Compaction Plant and Weight Category | Bituminous Material
(all bituminous materials and asphalts) |
Minimum Passes/Layer
for compacted layer thickness up to |
40 mm | 60 mm | 80 mm | 100 mm |
Vibrotamper
50 kg minimum | 5 # | 7 # | NP | NP |
Vibrating Roller |
Single Drum |
1000-2000 kg/m | 6 | NP | NP | NP |
2000-3500 kg/m | 5 | 7 | 8 | NP |
Over 3500 kg/m | 4 | 6 | 7 | NP |
Twin Drum |
600-1000 kg/m | 5 | 7 | NP | NP |
1000-2000 kg/m | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
Over 2000 kg/m | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
Vibrating Plate |
1400-1800 kg/sq.m | 6 | NP | NP | NP |
Over 1800 kg/sq.m | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
All Above Plant | For Maximum and Minimum compacted layer thickness
See Appendix A2.6, Table A2.1 |
Alternative Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access
(including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width) |
Vibrotamper 25 kg minimum | Minimum of 6 compaction passes
Maximum of 75 mm compacted layer thickness |
Percussive Rammer 10 kg minimum |
Notes for Table A8.3:
1) NP = Not Permitted
2) # = Vibrotamper not permitted on permanent surface course of trenches > 500 mm width
3) Twin drum vibrating rollers are preferred for compaction of bituminous materials
4) Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum
5) Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drums |
Table A8.3 - Compaction Requirements for Bituminous Materials