Increased consumer satisfaction | Ernst 1986, Rooks et al, 1989; Spitzer 1995; Campbell R 1997; Gillis SL (1995); Hayes KE.(1996); Saunders et al 2000 |
High midwifery job satisfaction | Saunders et al, 2000 |
More appropriate use of midwifery skills, more autonomy | Saunders et al, 2000; Ernst 1986 |
Women/ families able to make own birth decisions | Kucera 1987 |
Women felt empowered | Spitzer 1995 |
Higher normal delivery rates | David et al, 1999; Saunders et al. 2000; Wladenstrom et al 1997; Durand, AM. (1992) |
Lower forceps and Ventouse rates | David et al, 1999; Feldman & Hunt 1987; Durand, AM. 1992; Rosenblatt, Roger A et.al. 1997 |
Lower caesarean section rate | Feldman & Hunt 1987; Saunders et al. 2000, Durand AM. (1992); Rosenblatt, Roger A., et.al. 1997 |
Fewer inductions | Saunders et al. 2000 |
Lower augmentation rates | Scupholme et al. 1986; Feldman & Hunt 1987; Rooks et al. 1992; Law YY, Lam KY (1999) |
Fewer epidurals | Rooks et al. 1992; Feldman & Hunt 1987; Saunders et al..2000; Rosenblatt, Roger A. et.al. 1997 |
Less pethidine | Rooks et al. 1992; Spitzer 1995; Saunders et al. 2000 |
Fewer episiotomies | David et al. 1999; Rooks et .1992; Campbell et al 1999; Saunders et al. 2000 |
Less electronic fetal monitoring | Rooks et al. 1992; Spitzer 1995 |
Fewer amniotomies | Rooks et al. 1992; Spitzer 1995 |
Fewer intravenous infusions | Rooks et al. 1992; Feldman & Hunt 1987 |
Fewer vaginal examinations | Rooks et al. 1992; Spitzer 1995 |
Lower incidence of shoulder dystocia | Scupholme et al. 1986 |
Shorter labours | Albers & Katz 1991; Saunders et al. 2000 |
More likely to eat during labour | Rooks et al. 1992 |
More use of hydrotherapy | Rooks et al. 1992 |
Less fetal distress | Fullerton & Severino 1992 |
Less difficulty establishing respiration | Fullerton & Severino 1992 |
Increased chance of successful breastfeeding | Ernst 1986; Albers & Katz 1991; Spitzer 1995; De Konincket al. (2001) |
Cost effectiveness | Saunders et al. 2000; Reinharz et al. 2000; Spitzer 1995; Rosser 2001; American Public Health Association 2001; Anderson RE, Anderson, DA. (1999); Gabay M and Wolfe SM 1999 |